{"id":684,"date":"2009-11-06T13:33:01","date_gmt":"2009-11-06T09:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/?p=684"},"modified":"2009-12-19T19:23:48","modified_gmt":"2009-12-19T15:23:48","slug":"az%c9%99rbaycan-folklorunda-oyun-v%c9%99-%c9%99yl%c9%99nc%c9%99l%c9%99r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/?p=684","title":{"rendered":"AZ\u018fRBAYCAN FOLKLORUNDA OYUN V\u018f \u018fYL\u018fNC\u018fL\u018fR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Unudulanlar v\u0259 unudulmayanlar\u2026<\/strong>
\nZ\u0259ngin milli ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malik Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin folkloruna n\u0259z\u0259r yetirs\u0259k b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n malik oldu\u011fu ortaq d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015fqa, Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus folkloru m\u00f6vcuddur. Xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n z\u0259ngin, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus v\u0259 maraql\u0131 folklor n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 xalq oyunlar\u0131d\u0131r. Tarixi \u00e7ox q\u0259diml\u0259r\u0259 ged\u0259n, xalq\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini, etnoqrafiyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ya\u015fadan bu oyunlar n\u0259sild\u0259n-n\u0259sl\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k bu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259d\u0259k g\u0259lib \u00e7am\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Oyunlar xalq h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rini, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259rasiml\u0259ri \u0259ks etdir\u0259n q\u0259dim folklor janr\u0131ndan biridir. Xalq oyunlar\u0131 \u0259n q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n xalq\u0131n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131, \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259ks etdirm\u0259k bax\u0131m\u0131ndan x\u00fcsusi maraq do\u011furur. Bel\u0259 xalq oyunlar\u0131 m\u00f6vzu, m\u0259zmun, yaranma yolu v\u0259 formalar\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00e7ox z\u0259ngin v\u0259 r\u0259ngar\u0259ngdir. Xalq oyunlar\u0131nda y\u00fcks\u0259k, humanist insani duy\u011fular: \u015f\u0259ri c\u0259zaland\u0131rmaq, yax\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 qorumaq, onlara dayaq durmaq v\u0259 s. bu kimi m\u00fcsb\u0259t keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r a\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Xalq oyunlar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 xalq\u0131n oyun-tama\u015fa m\u0259d\u0259niy\u0259tin\u0259 dair ilk m\u0259lumatlara bir s\u0131ra q\u0259dim m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bel\u0259 ki, IX-X \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq aliml\u0259rind\u0259n K\u0259sr\u0259vi, S\u0259alabi v\u0259 \u018fl-Biruninin, XII \u0259srd\u0259 is\u0259 dahi Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fairi Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vinin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n islamiyy\u0259td\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki m\u0259rasim \u015f\u0259nlikl\u0259ri, oyunlar\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi v\u0259 m\u0259zmunu bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259lumatlar vard\u0131r. Xalq oyunlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlara h\u0259m\u00e7inin na\u011f\u0131l v\u0259 dastanlar\u0131m\u0131zda, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, Avropa v\u0259 Asiya s\u0259yyahlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259, memuar v\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259likl\u0259rind\u0259, onlar\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycana s\u0259f\u0259r t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcratlar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k olar. Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 bir s\u0131ra Az\u0259rbaycan, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq r\u0259ssamlar\u0131n\u0131n miniat\u00fcrl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259zi xalq oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259svirl\u0259rin\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k olur.<\/p>\n

XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Az\u0259rbaycanda maarif v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq bir \u00e7ox ziyal\u0131lar \u2013 M.\u015e.Vazeh, M.Mahmudb\u0259yov, S.\u018f.\u015eirvani, A.\u015eaiq, F.K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rli v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 u\u015faq folkloru ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n xalq oyunlar\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015f, onlar\u0131n b\u0259zil\u0259rini d\u0259rslikl\u0259r\u0259 daxil el\u0259mi\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011f etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bu d\u0259rslikl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259 is\u0259 F.K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rlinin 1912-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirdiyi \u201cBalalara h\u0259diyy\u0259\u201d kitab\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Bu kitaba bir \u00e7ox u\u015faq folkloru n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n xalq oyunlar\u0131 daxil edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Bir \u00e7ox xalq oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 \u201c\u00c7\u00f6vkan\u201d, \u201cDir\u0259d\u00f6ym\u0259\u201d, \u201c\u00c7iling a\u011fac\u201d, \u201cTop al qa\u00e7\u201d, \u201cS\u0259rrast vur\u201d, \u201cMotal-motal\u201d, \u201cQ\u0259l\u0259ndar, ay Q\u0259l\u0259ndar\u201d, \u201c\u018fl \u00fcst\u0259 kimin \u0259li\u201d, \u201cB\u0259n\u00f6v\u015f\u0259 b\u0259n\u00f6v\u015f\u0259ni\u201d v\u0259 s. oyunlar\u0131 indi d\u0259 u\u015faqlar, h\u0259m d\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259r h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259 oynay\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yazd\u0131qlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan xalq oyunlar\u0131nda ki\u015fil\u0259rl\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r, b\u0259z\u0259n qad\u0131nlar da i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Nizaminin \u201cX\u0259ms\u0259\u201dsind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259lumatlar verilir. Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n ki\u015fil\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 \u201c\u00c7\u00f6vk\u0259n\u201d v\u0259 dig\u0259r xalq oyunlar\u0131nda i\u015ftirak\u0131n\u0131 XVI \u0259sr miniat\u00fcrl\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259 ayd\u0131n g\u00f6rm\u0259k olur.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu oyunlar Q\u0259tran T\u0259brizinin, Xaqani \u015eirvaninin v\u0259 bu kimi dig\u0259r klassik \u015fairl\u0259rimizin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f milli xalq oyunlar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 \u201c\u00c7\u00f6vk\u0259n\u201ddir. XII \u0259srd\u0259 \u2013 Atab\u0259y M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259din h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 bu oyun meydanda, at \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 ke\u00e7irilirdi. Oyunu idar\u0259 ed\u0259n hakiml\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u0259lind\u0259ki yayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yuxar\u0131 qald\u0131ran kimi \u015faypur \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra oyun\u00e7ular h\u0259r d\u0259st\u0259d\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 n\u0259f\u0259r atl\u0131 olmaqla, \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259st\u0259 meydanda d\u00f6vr\u0259 vururdular. Birinci d\u0259st\u0259 a\u011f, ikinci boz, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u0259st\u0259 is\u0259 qara atlarda meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bundan sonra atl\u0131lar meydan\u0131n \u0259ks t\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 gedirdil\u0259r. Meydan\u0131n \u0259ks t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 adam boyda da\u015fdan q\u00fcll\u0259li qap\u0131lar qoyulurdu. Q\u00fcll\u0259nin birincisinin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 g\u00f6y, dig\u0259rinkin\u0259 is\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ngli bayraq tax\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Oyunda \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259d \u00e7\u00f6vk\u0259n il\u0259 topu f\u0259rdi v\u0259 ya yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 apar\u0131b qap\u0131n\u0131 \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259n q\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259rin aras\u0131ndan ke\u00e7irm\u0259k idi.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7\u00f6vk\u0259n\u201d oyununda istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n topu haz\u0131rlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daranm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcn g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Onu \u0259ll\u0259 yumaq \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 sal\u0131r v\u0259 bacard\u0131qca m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Topu laz\u0131m g\u0259l\u0259n v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 sald\u0131qdan sonra onu qaynar suya sal\u0131r v\u0259 yar\u0131m saata q\u0259d\u0259r saxlay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Burada yun \u0259vv\u0259lki yumaq formas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 saxlayaraq daha b\u0259rk s\u0131x\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra onu sudan \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r v\u0259 bir daha m\u00f6hk\u0259m \u015f\u0259kl\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n\u0259d\u0259k ovxalay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Daha sonra is\u0259 ona x\u00fcsusi d\u0259rid\u0259n \u00fcz \u00e7\u0259kirdil\u0259r. Bu \u00fcsulla haz\u0131rlanan toplar elastiki \u015far formas\u0131nda olurdu. \u00c7\u00f6vkan a\u011fac\u0131 is\u0259 x\u00fcsusi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 \u0259yilmi\u015f formada a\u011fac olurdu. Onun d\u0259qiq, standart uzunlu\u011fu olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bu a\u011fac oyun i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 atlar\u0131n h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq d\u0259yi\u015firdi. \u00c7\u00f6vkan a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n \u0259yilmi\u015f hiss\u0259sinin bir \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131q olurdu. \u00c7\u00fcnki bu t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259 topu yerd\u0259n qald\u0131rmaq asan olurdu.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7\u00f6vkan\u201d oyununda x\u00fcsusi m\u0259\u015fq g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f yar\u0131\u015f atlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edilirdi. Atlar\u0131n y\u0259h\u0259rini ikiqat v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7qat qar\u0131naltl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rkidirdil\u0259r ki, oyun vaxt\u0131 \u2013 k\u0259skin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259r zaman\u0131 y\u0259h\u0259r s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb at\u0131n belind\u0259n d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sin.<\/p>\n

Geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan xalq oyunlar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 \u201cTop \u00e7alada oyunudur. (Bu oyun haqq\u0131nda C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycanda ya\u015fay\u0131b-yaratm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 Abakur M\u0259hburinin \u201c\u0130bn \u015eirac\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 geni\u015f s\u00f6hb\u0259t a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

B\u0259zi xalq oyunlar\u0131 is\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259 ifa olunurdu. Bu is\u0259, he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, oyunu daha maraql\u0131 edirdi. Bel\u0259 oyunlardan biri \u201cMotal-motal\u201d oyunudur. Bu oyunda u\u015faqlar d\u00f6vr\u0259 vurub oturur, ayaqlar\u0131n\u0131 bir yer\u0259 uzad\u0131rd\u0131lar. Onlardan biri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015feri deyirdi:<\/p>\n

\u0130yn\u0259-iyn\u0259,
\nUcu d\u00fcym\u0259,
\nBal ball\u0131ca,
\nBall\u0131 ke\u00e7i,
\n\u015eam a\u011fac\u0131,
\n\u015eat\u0131r ke\u00e7i,
\nQoz-a\u011fac\u0131
\nQotur ke\u00e7i,
\nVur na\u011fara,
\n\u00c7\u0131x q\u0131ra\u011fa.<\/p>\n

V\u0259 ya<\/p>\n

Motal-motal t\u0259rs\u0259 motal,
\nYay atar, qaymaq tutar.
\nA\u011f qu\u015fum, a\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131m,
\nG\u00f6y qu\u015fum g\u00f6y\u0259r\u00e7inim.
\n\u018flin tikan \u0259mirqulu,
\nVur na\u011fara, \u00e7\u0131x q\u0131ra\u011fa.<\/p>\n

Bu \u015ferin h\u0259r k\u0259lm\u0259sini dey\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs \u0259lini n\u00f6vb\u0259 il\u0259 yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 qoyur. \u015eerin sonundak\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u0131x q\u0131ra\u011fa\u201d s\u00f6zl\u0259ri h\u0259r k\u0259sin aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u0259 deyils\u0259, o, aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kir. Sonra yen\u0259 \u015feir ba\u015fdan aya\u011fa deyilir. V\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, u\u015faqlar bir-bir ayaqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kir. H\u0259r k\u0259sin aya\u011f\u0131 ax\u0131ra qalsa, onu \u00fcz\u00fc \u00fcst\u0259 uzad\u0131b, \u0259ll\u0259rini yumruq formas\u0131nda onun k\u00fcr\u0259yin\u0259 qoyub soru\u015furlar:<\/p>\n

– \u018fl \u00fcst\u0259 kimin \u0259li?<\/p>\n

\u018fg\u0259r u\u015faq \u0259lini onun k\u00fcr\u0259yin\u0259 qoyan\u0131 tapsa onu dur\u011fuzurlar, yox \u0259g\u0259r tapmasa, \u201cG\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcn vurun, yaland\u0131r\u201d \u2013 deyib onu bir-ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 astaca vurur v\u0259 yen\u0259 soru\u015furlar:<\/p>\n

– \u018fl \u00fcst\u0259 kimin \u0259li?<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259c\u0259, u\u015faq \u0259l sahibini tapanad\u0259k onu astaca yumruqlay\u0131rlar.
\nXalq oyunlar\u0131 u\u015faqlarda, yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 g\u0259ncl\u0259rd\u0259 c\u0259ldlik, \u00e7eviklik, diriba\u015fl\u0131q, haz\u0131rcavabl\u0131q v\u0259 s. bu kimi m\u00fcsb\u0259t keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r a\u015f\u0131lay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu xalq oyunlar\u0131 \u0259fsuslar olsun ki, zaman-zaman unudulmu\u015f v\u0259 yaln\u0131z d\u0259rslik v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyatlarda qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fn m\u00fcasir komp\u00fcter oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n u\u015faqlar aras\u0131nda daha populyar oldu\u011fu bir zamanda buc\u00fcr xalq oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n unudulmas\u0131na \u015fahid olmaq bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Lakin t\u0259s\u0259lli verici m\u0259qam ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, milli bayramlar v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t konsert t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif teatr kollektivl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n buc\u00fcr oyunlar\u0131n meydanlarda n\u00fcmayi\u015f olunmas\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 davam etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n

Xalq tama\u015falar\u0131<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u0259yl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n folklor n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 xalq tama\u015falar\u0131d\u0131r. Xalq tama\u015falar\u0131 da \u015fifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259dim janrlar\u0131ndan biridir. Xalq dramlar\u0131 tarix boyu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n inki\u015faf yolu ke\u00e7mi\u015f v\u0259 getdikc\u0259 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdir. Xalq tama\u015falar\u0131 bir janr kimi formala\u015fana q\u0259d\u0259r folklorun ba\u015fqa n\u00f6vl\u0259ri daxilind\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 epik n\u00f6v\u00fcn ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 janrlar\u0131nda yaranma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, pe\u015f\u0259kar na\u011f\u0131l\u00e7\u0131lar, a\u015f\u0131qlar, k\u00f6rp\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 na\u011f\u0131l dan\u0131\u015fan analar v\u0259 n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r na\u011f\u0131ldak\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259rin gedi\u015find\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq mimikadan, jestl\u0259rd\u0259n, \u0259l-qol h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259 geni\u015f istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bu zaman is\u0259 sanki s\u00f6yl\u0259n\u0259n folklor n\u00fcmun\u0259si ibtidai \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, xalq tama\u015falar\u0131n\u0131n ilkin r\u00fc\u015feyml\u0259ri yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u201cM\u0259likm\u0259mm\u0259d\u201d na\u011f\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0259likm\u0259mm\u0259din quyuda divl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0259hn\u0259ni dan\u0131\u015fan \u015f\u0259xs divin s\u00f6zl\u0259rini qal\u0131n, kobud s\u0259sl\u0259, q\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u0259rini z\u0259rif, inc\u0259, M\u0259likm\u0259mm\u0259din s\u00f6zl\u0259rini is\u0259 amiran\u0259 bir s\u0259sl\u0259, xarakterik ah\u0259ngl\u0259 ifa edirdi.<\/p>\n

N\u0259inki epik n\u00f6vd\u0259, h\u0259tta, Az\u0259rbaycan xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259r bir n\u00fcmun\u0259sini diqq\u0259tl\u0259 t\u0259dqiq ets\u0259k, orada ifad\u0259, m\u0259na, m\u0259zmun v\u0259 ifa t\u0259rzi etibaril\u0259 dram, tama\u015fa \u00fcns\u00fcrl\u0259ri tapmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dem\u0259li, na\u011f\u0131llar, dastanlar, a\u015f\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259ti v\u0259 m\u0259rasiml\u0259r xalq tama\u015falar\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 v\u0259 kamill\u0259\u015fm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilkin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, xalq\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 daha k\u00fctl\u0259vi xarakter alaraq t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fmi\u015f, b\u0259z\u0259n ibtidai, b\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 kamil s\u00fcjetli tama\u015falar kimi xalq\u0131n b\u0259dii yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na daxil olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Xalq\u0131n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259ti, g\u00fcn-g\u00fcz\u0259ran\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan m\u0259rasiml\u0259rin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn xalq i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdir. Bu m\u0259rasiml\u0259rin bir \u00e7oxu ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 adamlar\u0131n s\u0259yi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fmi\u015f, sonradan \u0259sl xalq tama\u015falar\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Buna misal olaraq, \u201cKosa g\u0259lin\u201d, \u201cKosa oyunu\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201cKosa-Kosa\u201dn\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar. Bu tama\u015falarda \u0259sas q\u0259hr\u0259man Kosa v\u0259 Ke\u00e7i idi. Kosa \u2013 q\u0131\u015f\u0131n, Ke\u00e7i \u2013 is\u0259 yaz\u0131n r\u0259mzi idi. Tama\u015fan\u0131n sonunda Kosa \u2013 q\u0131\u015f m\u0259blu\u011f olur, Ke\u00e7i \u2013 yaz is\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131rd\u0131, bu da xalq\u0131n alq\u0131\u015f\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olurdu. Lakin zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 bu tama\u015falardak\u0131 m\u0259rasim \u00fcns\u00fcrl\u0259ri s\u00f6n\u00fckl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f, onlar\u0131n real m\u0259nalar\u0131, insanlar\u0131n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri is\u0259 inki\u015faf ed\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdir. M\u0259hz bu prosesl\u0259rd\u0259n sonra h\u0259min tama\u015falardan yaranan, xalq\u0131n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259tini, \u0259kin-bi\u00e7inini, real h\u0259yatdak\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n daha m\u00fcasir, \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha aktual olan xalq tama\u015falar\u0131 yaranma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u201c\u018fk\u0259nd\u0259 yox, bi\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259 yox, yey\u0259nd\u0259 ortaq qarda\u015f\u201d, \u201cT\u0259nb\u0259l qarda\u015f\u201d v\u0259 s. bu q\u0259bild\u0259n olan xalq tama\u015falar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan xalq tama\u015falar\u0131nda satira v\u0259 yumor \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. Bel\u0259 tama\u015falarda komik v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 daha \u00e7ox yer verilirdi. Bu is\u0259 ondan ir\u0259li g\u0259lirdi ki, xalq c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 olan eyb\u0259c\u0259rlikl\u0259ri v\u0259 n\u00f6qsanlar\u0131 g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f vasit\u0259sil\u0259 islah etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Eyni zamanda xalq n\u00f6qsanlar\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rma\u011fa mane olan q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri, bel\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti yaradan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259ri d\u0259 g\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259k if\u015fa edirdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar is\u0259 xalq tama\u015falar\u0131n\u0131 tama\u015fa\u00e7\u0131lara sevdir\u0259n v\u0259 onun uzun\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259n \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rd\u0259n idi.<\/p>\n

Xalq oyunlar\u0131ndan f\u0259rqli olaraq, xalq tama\u015falar\u0131 indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qorunub saxlana bilmi\u015fdir. Bel\u0259 ki, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259, t\u0259dris m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 folklor n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli yeri tutan xalq tama\u015falar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 x\u00fcsusi d\u0259rsl\u0259r ke\u00e7ilir. M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t ocaqlar\u0131nda, teatr v\u0259 s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 zaman-zaman xalq tama\u015falar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim par\u00e7alar\u0131 n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirilir, xalq\u0131n sahib oldu\u011fu q\u0259dim tarixi-m\u0259d\u0259ni irs qorunub saxlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* Bu m\u0259qal\u0259 11-13 Dekabr 2009-cu il tarixd\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Kocaeli Universitetind\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259c\u0259k \u201cHalk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde E\u011flence Uluslararas\u0131 Sempozyumu\u201dnda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n

f.e.n. \u018fhm\u0259d \u015eahidov<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unudulanlar v\u0259 unudulmayanlar\u2026 Z\u0259ngin milli ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malik Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin folkloruna n\u0259z\u0259r yetirs\u0259k b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n malik oldu\u011fu ortaq d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015fqa, Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus folkloru m\u00f6vcuddur. Xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n z\u0259ngin, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus v\u0259… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elmi-mqallr"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}