{"id":3156,"date":"2012-04-30T14:25:16","date_gmt":"2012-04-30T10:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/?p=3156"},"modified":"2015-07-06T19:43:52","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T15:43:52","slug":"xxi-yuzyilin-ogrencisi-nasil-olmalidir-gelecegin-ogrenci-modeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/?p=3156","title":{"rendered":"XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisi nas\u0131l olmal\u0131d\u0131r: Gelece\u011fin \u00f6\u011frenci modeli"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"ahmad\"<\/a>Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk onilliyini geride b\u0131rakt\u0131k. Art\u0131k XX y\u00fczy\u0131l de tarihtir bizim i\u00e7in. Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n hatalar\u0131ndan ders \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p yeni y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 ya\u015famak, yeni d\u00fcnya kurmak ve daha g\u00fczel bir yer k\u00fcresinde ya\u015famak arzusuyla ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l bizim i\u00e7in kanl\u0131 qadal\u0131 sava\u015flar, a\u00e7l\u0131k, sefalet, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, kataklizmalar ve felaketlerle ak\u0131lda kald\u0131. Biraz derinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelenlerin kendi su\u00e7umuz oldu\u011funu anlar\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, her bir felaketin nedeni i\u015fte \u0130NSANDIR!
\n<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck harfle \u0130NSAN! Kuruldu\u011fu ilk g\u00fcnden yenili\u011fe can atan insan hi\u00e7 de hep iyi \u015feyler \u00f6yrenmedi. \u00d6\u011frendiklerini yok etmek, da\u011f\u0131tmak, sava\u015flara ba\u015flamak, binlerce, hatta y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131 insanlar. \u0130\u015fte \u015fu an biz insana nelerin \u00f6\u011fretmek gerekti\u011fini anl\u0131yor ve gelece\u011fimizin i\u015fte bug\u00fcn \u00f6\u011frendiklerimizden as\u0131l\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Evet. S\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc e\u011fitime, bilime ve bilgiye y\u00f6nlendirmek istiyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, toplumun gelece\u011fi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n gelece\u011fi i\u015fte insanlar\u0131n e\u011fitiminden, bilgilenmesinden do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131 olacak. Odur ki, t\u00fcm ya\u015fananlar\u0131, b\u0131rak\u0131lan hatalar\u0131 bir daha g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7irip gelece\u011fimizi \u015fimdiden kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m ve art\u0131k on y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z XXI y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6\u011frencilerin nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim, ideal \u00f6\u011frenci modelinin \u00e7izgilerini canland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f ve huzur ortam\u0131nda ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in, ideal bir toplumda ya\u015famam\u0131z i\u00e7in gerek yeniyetmelerimiz, gen\u00e7lerimiz ideal bir e\u011fitim als\u0131nlar.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim bizim gelece\u011fimizidir! Bu s\u00f6zleri hep duyuyoruz. Her bir \u00fclkenin g\u00fcc\u00fc, kudreti asl\u0131nda onun ekonomisi, ordusu ve siyasi iradesi ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fcyor. Bu fakt\u00f6rler bir anlamda rol oynasa da, \u00fclkenin bilim ve e\u011fitimi onun d\u00fcnyadaki yerini yans\u0131t\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcm fakt\u00f6rler i\u015fte e\u011fitimin seviyesinden as\u0131l\u0131 olacak. Azerbaycan halk\u0131n\u0131n Ulu \u00d6nderi Haydar Aliyev’in bir s\u00f6z\u00fc var: “Toplumun gelecek kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan \u015fimdi gen\u00e7lerimize neyi ve nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011fretmeyimizden as\u0131l\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. “\u0130\u015fte bu fikirden yola \u00e7\u0131karak, san\u0131r\u0131m, biz gelece\u011fin gencini i\u015fte \u015fimdiden yeti\u015fdirmeliyik. Sabah ge\u00e7 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Zaman zaman e\u011fitim sisteminde \u00e7e\u015fitli reformlar yap\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli e\u011fitim y\u00f6ntemleri tatbik edildi. Ama yine de m\u00fckemmel e\u011fitim sistemi, ideal \u00f6\u011frenci, gen\u00e7 yeti\u015ftirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor. Peki ne yapmal\u0131? XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ideal \u00f6\u011frencisini nas\u0131l yeti\u015fdirmeliyik?<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 uzmanlar dini e\u011fitime \u00f6ncelik veriyor ve iddia ediyorlar ki, gen\u00e7lerin ahlaki y\u00f6nden olu\u015fmas\u0131nda din \u00f6nemli rol oynuyor. Dini e\u011fitim alan gen\u00e7ler sab\u0131rl\u0131, muvaffak, dikkatcil, temizkar ve \u015feffaf oluyorlar. Bu gibi gen\u00e7lerde Allah’a g\u00fcven, insanlara sevgi, gelece\u011fe umut e\u011filimleri \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oluyor. Ama soru ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor! \u00d6\u011frencilere hangi dini e\u011fitim vermeli? \u0130\u015fte as\u0131l tart\u0131\u015fma bu an ba\u015fl\u0131yor: \u0130slam, H\u0131ristiyan, Yahudi, Budist, yoksa hangi? Bin y\u0131llardan boyu birbirine taviz vere bilmeyen bu dinler aras\u0131nda somut tercih etmek ve gen\u00e7lerin i\u015fte bir dini y\u00f6nde e\u011fitim almas\u0131 ne derece do\u011frudur? Biz toplumda bar\u0131\u015f yaratmak yerine sizce yeni anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n veya sava\u015flar\u0131n temelini ba\u015flar\u0131zm\u0131?! Elbette ki, bu, m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, her bir din bir felsefi ak\u0131m olarak, kendini \u00fcst\u00fcn buluyor ve di\u011fer dinleri ikincil d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131 olarak kabul ediyor. Kimse benimle bu konuda tart\u0131\u015fmaya kalkmas\u0131n l\u00fctfen, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tarih boyu farkl\u0131 dini bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, kavgalar\u0131 ve hatta sava\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\n

O zaman gelece\u011fin \u00f6\u011frenci modelinin nas\u0131l olmas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l tesbit edelim? Bence, XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenci modeli – do\u011fma dilini m\u00fckemmel bilen, en az\u0131ndan iki yabanc\u0131 dilde konu\u015fan, bilgisayar teknolojisine yak\u0131ndan beled olan sa\u011fduyulu laik bir gen\u00e7 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. XXI y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6\u011frenciyi herhangi y\u00f6ne, herhangi bilime zorlamay\u0131n taraftar\u0131 de\u011filim. \u00d6\u011frenci kendi ya\u015fam yolunu se\u00e7meli, sevdi\u011fi mesle\u011fi \u00f6\u011frenmeli ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Biz \u015fimdiden \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n e\u011fitimine \u00f6nem vermeliyiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, her \u015fey e\u011fitimin \u00fczerine kurulur. Genellikle, e\u011fitim \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc, karma\u015f\u0131k bir felsefi sistemdir.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim, bireyin do\u011fumundan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne s\u00fcregelen bir olgu oldu\u011fundan ve politik, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve bireysel boyutlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda i\u00e7inde bulundurdu\u011fundan, tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zor bir kavramd\u0131r. Bireylerin toplumun standartlar\u0131n\u0131, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fama yollar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131nda etkili olan t\u00fcm sosyal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdir. Ki\u015finin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplum i\u00e7inde de\u011feri olan, yetenek, tutum ve di\u011fer davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerini geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin t\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve kontroll\u00fc bir \u00e7evrenin (\u00f6zellikle okulun) etkisi alt\u0131nda sosyal yeterlilik ve optimum bireysel geli\u015fmeyi sa\u011flayan sosyal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. E\u011fitim, \u00f6nceden saptanm\u0131\u015f esaslara g\u00f6re insanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda belli geli\u015fmeler sa\u011flamaya yarayan planl\u0131 etkiler dizesidir. E\u011fitim, bireyin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda kendi ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 yoluyla kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak istedik de\u011fi\u015fme meydana getirme s\u00fcrecidir.<\/p>\n

Egitim tarihen \u00e7ok eski bir aland\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

E\u011fitimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 genel olarak s\u00f6z edilecek olursa insanl\u0131k kadar eski olsa da bir bilim olarak \u00e7ok yenidir. D\u00fcnya Avrupa’daki modern e\u011fitim sisteminin k\u00f6kleri orta \u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6nemine kadar gider. Orta \u00e7a\u011fdaki okullar \u00f6ncelikli olarak kiliselere ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 ve din adam\u0131 yeti\u015ftiriyordu. \u0130lk \u00fcniversitelerin \u00e7o\u011fu Hristiyan k\u00f6kenliydi. Bununla birlikte 1088’de kurulan Bolonya \u00dcniversitesi gibi laik \u00fcniversiteler de vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise Amerikan filozof, psikolog ve e\u011fitim reformcusu John Dewey’nin (1859 \u2013 1952) fikirlerinden ilham alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. William James ile birlikte Pragmatizm’in de kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan Dewey, Rousseau ve Plato’nun e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmi\u015f ve e\u011fitimin k\u00f6hnemi\u015f, eski olgular\u0131 tekrarla belletmeye de\u011fil, \u00f6\u011frencinin bir ki\u015fi ve vatanda\u015f olarak ya\u015fam\u0131na uygulayabilece\u011fi bilgi ve becerileri kazand\u0131rma amac\u0131 g\u00fctmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitimin bug\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc iyi anlamak i\u00e7in e\u011fitimin tarihsel de\u011fi\u015fimini anlamakta yarar vard\u0131r. Tarih boyunca ortama ve uygulamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik egitim tan\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde e\u011fitimin insan faaliyetlerindeki etkisi bug\u00fcne kadar olan uygulumalar\u0131n en karma\u015f\u0131k olan\u0131d\u0131r. Genel bir bak\u0131\u015fla e\u011fitim bir tak\u0131m becerilerin \u00f6\u011fretim ve \u00f6\u011frenim \u015femas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde; insan’\u0131n bilgi, sezinleme ve ak\u0131l i\u015flevlerini geli\u015ftiren faaliyetler ve kavramlar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131m \u00e7ok soyut olup somut uygulamalar \u00fczerinde anlay\u0131\u015f geli\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131m etmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da dedi\u011fim gibi e\u011fitim bir felsefi anlay\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu felsefenin \u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcne varmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim felsefesi e\u011fitimin amac\u0131, do\u011fas\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ilgilenir. Bilginin kendisinin oldu\u011fu kadar bilen zihnin do\u011fas\u0131 ve otorite problemleri, e\u011fitim ve toplum ili\u015fkisi gibi konular e\u011fitim felsefesinin konular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Rousseau’nun d\u00f6neminden bu yana e\u011fitim felsefesi geli\u015fim psikolojisi ve geli\u015fme teorileriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmaya devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitimden beklenen temel ama\u00e7lar \u015funlard\u0131r: Sivil toplum sorumluluk, fikir ve giri\u015fimci e\u011fitimli vatanda\u015flara dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Her alandaki ilerleme okulla\u015fman\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi e\u011fitimin kapasitesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda e\u011fitim bireyin, toplumun ve gelecekteki insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fim ve refah\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi ama\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitimin tarihi, felsefesi, ama\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok konu\u015fmak istemezdim. Konu\u015fmam\u0131n amac\u0131 bildirimin ad\u0131ndan da belli oluyor. XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ideal \u00f6\u011frencisini nas\u0131l yeti\u015fdirmeli? \u0130deal \u00f6\u011frenci hangi kalite ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck detalllara dikkat edelim:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00d6\u011frenci \u00f6\u011frenmekten asla b\u0131kmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Herzaman \u00f6\u011frenmeye istekli olmal\u0131, bilmedi\u011fi konular\u0131 devaml\u0131 sormal\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r;<\/li>\n
  2. Kusursuz bir \u015fekilde ve ciddiyet i\u00e7inde e\u011fitmeni selamlamal\u0131d\u0131r;<\/li>\n
  3. Okuldaki ba\u015far\u0131 ya da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6\u011frencinin t\u00fcm ki\u015fili\u011finin bir de\u011ferlendirilmesi de\u011fildir, sadece belirli bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bilgilerin bir sonucu ya da \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc niteli\u011findedir. \u00d6\u011frencilerin okul ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birisi de verimli ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yollar\u0131n\u0131 bilmemeleri ya da bu konuda yanl\u0131\u015f al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara sahip olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, erken ya\u015flarda kazan\u0131lan ve bireyin t\u00fcm ya\u015famdaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/li>\n
  4. “Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 istemek gerekir, nedeniniz yoksa hedefiniz de yoktur.”<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u201c\u0130deal bir \u00f6\u011frenci ya da idealist bir \u00f6\u011frenci nas\u0131l olmal\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d sorusuna cevap aramam\u0131z devam ediyor. \u0130deal bir \u00f6\u011frencinin \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/p>\n

    \u0130deal \u00f6\u011frenci i\u00e7 disiplini geli\u015fmi\u015f, \u00f6\u011frenme ihtiyac\u0131 duyan ve \u00f6\u011frenme hedefleri olan, bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in motive olmu\u015f, aile ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile doyumlu sosyal ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015f ve bunlar\u0131 belli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fcten, ya\u015fam\u0131na ait sorumluluklar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f bir birey.<\/p>\n

    Yukar\u0131daki d\u00f6ng\u00fc ile bireyin gerek sosyal, gerek akademik ya\u015fam\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. E\u011fer kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda i\u00e7 disiplini y\u00fcksek bir \u00f6\u011frenci varsa zaten \u00f6\u011frenmeye isteklidir.<\/p>\n

    Anne-baban\u0131n sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeyi destekleyici ortam da onun motivasyonunu art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Uygun d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma odas\u0131 yada k\u00f6\u015fesi, ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131s\u0131, dikkat da\u011f\u0131tacak e\u015fyalarda ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131 konsantrasyonu destekleyecektir. Bunun yan\u0131nda her \u00f6\u011frenci kendi \u00f6\u011frenmesinin hangi yollarla en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenim hayat\u0131 i\u00e7inde ke\u015ffeder. \u00d6\u011frenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imini bulmas\u0131 okuyup anlatarak, deneyerek, dinleyerek \u015fema \u00e7izerek, yazarak vb. al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130\u00e7 motivasyonu y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenci, kendisi i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i akademik hedefler belirler ve bu do\u011frultuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Sorun \u00e7\u00f6zme stratejilerini do\u011fru kullan\u0131r. Her \u015fey yolunda gitti\u011finde bu \u00f6\u011frencinin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir sebep yoktur. Elde etti\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini peki\u015ftirecek, onu gelecek \u00f6\u011frenme hedefleri i\u00e7in motive edecektir. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sosyal \u00e7evresi de destekleyecektir: \u00d6d\u00fcll\u00fc bir karne, okulda dereceye girmek, ailenin takdiri, belki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatacak bir hediye… T\u00fcm olumlu peki\u015ftire\u00e7ler onu akademik ortamda daha yukar\u0131lara ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ancak her \u00f6\u011frenci i\u00e7in i\u015fler bu kadar yolunda gitmeyebilir. En \u00f6nemlisi i\u00e7 motivasyonu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmayan \u00f6\u011frencilerin de okul ortamlar\u0131nda az\u0131msanmayacak say\u0131da olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda etkin olarak kullan\u0131lacak d\u0131\u015f motivasyon kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n devreye girmesi ve ailenin daha \u00f6n planda olmas\u0131 ile yukar\u0131da tan\u0131mlanan d\u00f6ng\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Motivasyon sorunu ya\u015fayan \u00f6\u011frencinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi de \u00f6nemlidir. Birlikte al\u0131nacak kararlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve dinlenme saatleri d\u00fczenlenmeli, TV, bilgisayar gibi aktivitelere ayr\u0131lacak zamanlar detayl\u0131 planlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Al\u0131nan kararlarda \u00e7ocuk ve anne-baban\u0131n birlikte bulunmas\u0131, kararlara uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lacak yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n birlikte kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130\u00e7 motivasyonu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6\u011frencinin ya\u015fam\u0131nda d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki s\u0131n\u0131rlara ve bunlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne daha \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu tarz \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in en zor alan istemedikleri, anlaml\u0131 bulmad\u0131klar\u0131 bir konuyu \u00f6\u011frenmektir. Kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn \u00e7ocu\u011funuzun hayat\u0131nda anlaml\u0131, \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Onun \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini geli\u015ftirecek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz pozitif deyimlerin – \u201csana g\u00fcveniyorum\u201d, \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma disiplinini g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e gurur duyuyorum\u201d, \u201cba\u015farmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fin gayret beni mutlu ediyor\u201d \u2013 s\u00f6zlerin maddi \u00f6d\u00fcllerden \u00e7ok daha etkili ve kal\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n. Ona i\u00e7tenlikle sar\u0131lman\u0131z, s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131vazlaman\u0131z maddi \u00f6d\u00fcllerden \u00e7ok daha etkin olacakt\u0131r. \u0130li\u015fkinizi ve onun \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini geli\u015ftirecektir. \u00c7ocu\u011funuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu de\u011fil, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp desteklemeniz \u00f6\u011frenme sonucundan alaca\u011f\u0131 hazz\u0131 art\u0131racakt\u0131r. \u00d6\u011frenmenin ya\u015fam boyu, bilin\u00e7li ve bilin\u00e7siz devam eden bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlayarak, elde edece\u011fi \u00f6\u011frenme disiplinini \u00e7ocu\u011funuzun ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki her alanda kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. Bildirimin giri\u015finde tan\u0131mlanan \u201cideal \u00f6\u011frenci\u201d modeli de ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm alan\u0131nda bu disiplinini aktarm\u0131\u015f bir tablo sergilemekteydi.<\/p>\n

    Bildirimin sonunda XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ideal \u00f6\u011frencisini tam olarak beynimizde olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in somut olarak, ideal \u00f6\u011frenci olman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralamak istiyorum:<\/p>\n

    1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecinde aktif rol al\u0131r;<\/p>\n

    2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecinde sorumlulu\u011fun \u00f6ncelikle kendisine ait oldu\u011funun bilincindedir;<\/p>\n

    3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zaman\u0131n\u0131 dershane i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etkinlikleri dikkate alacak bir bi\u00e7imde planlar ve verimli bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131r;<\/p>\n

    4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6\u011frenme amac\u0131 ile etkin okuma, etkin dinleme ve not alma becerilerini kullan\u0131r;<\/p>\n

    5-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6\u011frenme ortam\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 bir rol benimser;<\/p>\n

    6-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bilgiye nas\u0131l ula\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilir;<\/p>\n

    7-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kendi kendini motive edebilir;<\/p>\n

    8-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u0131nav kayg\u0131s\u0131 ile nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilir;<\/p>\n

    9-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilin\u00e7li bir bi\u00e7imde korumak i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Sonunda ideal \u00f6\u011frenci olmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015f yeti\u015fkin ve gen\u00e7lere baz\u0131 \u00f6nerilerim de olacak:<\/p>\n

    1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130stekli olmal\u0131y\u0131z;<\/p>\n

    2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Motive olmal\u0131y\u0131z;<\/p>\n

    3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecinde aktif olarak bulunmal\u0131y\u0131z;<\/p>\n

    4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bilgiye ula\u015fman\u0131n yolunu bilmeliyiz;<\/p>\n

    5-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6z g\u00fcvenin verdi\u011fi bir rahatl\u0131kla sitres ve kayg\u0131dan uzak kalmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fcler var ise e\u011fer: Geri kalan\u0131nda anne ve baba rol almal\u0131d\u0131r. Anne ve baban\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenci i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131 ortam ve \u00f6\u011frenmeyi destekleyici tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencinin motvasyonunu art\u0131racakt\u0131r. \u0130yi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcden uzak bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z oda rengi \u00e7ocu\u011fun sevdi\u011fi renk ile boyanmal\u0131. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 mutlaka g\u00f6z uyumunun rahats\u0131z olmayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7te olmal\u0131. L\u00fczumsuz, gereksiz e\u015fyalardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131. \u00d6\u011frenci kendi \u00f6\u011frenme tarz\u0131n\u0131 zamanla ke\u015fveder. Biz d\u0131\u015fardan bu konuda m\u00fcdahele etmemeliyiz. Kimi \u00f6\u011frenci okuyup anlatarak, kimi \u00f6\u011frenci deneyerek, dinleyerek yada \u015fema \u00e7izerek \u00f6\u011frenmeyi se\u00e7er. \u00d6\u011frenci hangi y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendisi se\u00e7meli.<\/p>\n

    \u0130deal \u00f6\u011frencinin nas\u0131l ola bileceyi konusunda Bernard \u015eounun s\u00f6zleri de \u00e7ok degerlidir: \u201c\u0130stediklerinizi elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcay\u0131n\u0131z, aksi takdirde, elde ettiklerinizi sevmek zorunda kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n

    D\u00fcnya alimlerinin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00f6\u011frenciler belli bilgi ve becerileri \u00f6\u011frenirken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klardan kullan\u0131yorlar:<\/p>\n

    % 1 tad alarak<\/p>\n

    % 1,5 dokunarak,<\/p>\n

    % 3,5 koklayarak,<\/p>\n

    % 11 i\u015fiterek,<\/p>\n

    % 83 g\u00f6rerek \u00f6\u011freniriz.<\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle \u00f6\u011frendiklerimizin hi\u00e7 de hepsi haf\u0131zam\u0131zda kalm\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

    Okuduklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n % 10\u2019unu<\/p>\n

    \u0130\u015fittiklerimizin % 20\u2019sini<\/p>\n

    G\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimizin % 30\u2019unu<\/p>\n

    G\u00f6r\u00fcp+i\u015fittiklerimizin % 50\u2019sini<\/p>\n

    G\u00f6r\u00fcp+i\u015fittiklerimizin+s\u00f6ylediklerimizin %80\u2019ini<\/p>\n

    G\u00f6r\u00fcp+i\u015fittiklerimizin+s\u00f6ylediklerimizin+yapt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlar\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    \u0130deal \u00f6\u011frenci konusu zaman-zaman tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 tarih boyu filosof ve bilim adamlar\u0131 bu konuda \u00f6nemli fikirler s\u00f6ylemi\u015fler. Birka\u00e7 hat\u0131rlatma sunal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

    – Zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6\u011fretmendir, yaln\u0131z ne yaz\u0131k ki daima \u00f6\u011frencilerini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. – Curt Goertz<\/strong><\/p>\n

    – Zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fekilde kullananlar, en \u00e7ok, zaman\u0131n k\u0131sal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fikayet ederler. \u00a0– La Bruyere<\/strong><\/p>\n

    – Ahmaklar zaman\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fini, ak\u0131ll\u0131lar ise nas\u0131l kazanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00a0– Alain<\/strong><\/p>\n

    – Hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 seviyorsan\u0131z zaman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bo\u015fa harcamay\u0131n\u0131z, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc zaman hayat\u0131n kendisidir. \u00a0– Benjamin Franklin<\/strong><\/p>\n

    – Mutluluk ba\u015far\u0131ya, ba\u015far\u0131 ise zaman\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0– Seneca<\/strong><\/p>\n

    – Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u015fin en iyisini, bir de zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131n, o vakit da\u011f ba\u015f\u0131nda bile olsan\u0131z insanlar sizi bulur. – Thomas Brown<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Sonda ben de ideal \u00f6\u011frenci nas\u0131l olmal\u0131 diye soruyu kendime sordum. Bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 i\u00e7in garip de olsa s\u00f6ylemeliyim ki, ben XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisini milliyet\u00e7ilik ve dini ideyalardan tam uzak bir ki\u015fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. \u0130stiyorum ki, \u00f6\u011frenci milli gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerine sad\u0131k kalman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, d\u00fcnyevi, insani de\u011ferlere, farkl\u0131 mentalitete sadece dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yana\u015fmas\u0131n, hatta kendisi de bu de\u011ferlere entegre yapabilsin. \u00d6\u011frenci se\u00e7ti\u011fi dini bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sadece kendisi ile Allah aras\u0131nda vas\u0131ta olarak g\u00f6rs\u00fcn, bu bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 farkl\u0131 dini bak\u0131\u015flara \u00f6zg\u00fc insanlara telkin etmesin veya farkl\u0131 dini bak\u0131\u015flara \u00f6zg\u00fc insanlarla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmadan uzak dursun. \u0130sterim ki, \u00f6\u011frenci maddi de\u011ferleri ikinci plana ata bilsin, ancak manevi yararlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcns\u00fcn. Sadece b\u00f6yle bir durumda XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde koruya biliriz!<\/p>\n

    Anahtar s\u00f6zc\u00fckler: e\u011fitim, telebe, psikoloji, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, gelecek<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Dr. Ahmet \u015eahidov<\/strong><\/p>\n

    *** <\/strong><\/span>Bu bildiri 10-11 <\/strong>May\u0131s 2012-ci il tarihlerinde\u00a0Ankara \u00dcniversitesi, E\u011fitim Bilimleri<\/strong>Fak\u00fcltesinde d\u00fczenlenecek olan\u00a0\u201cI. Uluslararas\u0131 E\u011fitim Sosyolojisi Sempozyumu\u201dnda sunmak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
    \nSempozyumun ana konusu –\u00a0\u201cE\u011e\u0130T\u0130M SOSYOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 BAKI\u015e A\u00c7ISIYLA TOPLUM VE E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k XXI y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk onilliyini geride b\u0131rakt\u0131k. Art\u0131k XX y\u00fczy\u0131l de tarihtir bizim i\u00e7in. Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n hatalar\u0131ndan ders \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p yeni y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 ya\u015famak, yeni d\u00fcnya kurmak ve daha g\u00fczel bir… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4290,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elmi-mqallr"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/ahmad20.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3156"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7451,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3156\/revisions\/7451"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}