{"id":1708,"date":"2000-09-28T13:55:53","date_gmt":"2000-09-28T09:55:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/?p=1708"},"modified":"2010-09-28T13:59:40","modified_gmt":"2010-09-28T09:59:40","slug":"ilk-turk-dovl%c9%99tl%c9%99ri-v%c9%99-onlarin-usul-idar%c9%99si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/?p=1708","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u00fcsul-idar\u0259si"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 ilk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat. T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 ilk \u00fcsul-idar\u0259 \u00fcsullar\u0131. \u0130lk T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda dostluq v\u0259 r\u0259qib m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri. \u0130lk T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n q\u0259dim siyasi x\u0259rit\u0259sind\u0259ki co\u011frafi-siyasi m\u00f6vqeyi
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00fcn tarixi b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixi q\u0259d\u0259r q\u0259dim oldu\u011fundan Yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015f ilk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin d\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259riy\u0259ti d\u0259 m\u0259hz t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259xsus olmu\u015fdur. T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin q\u0259dim d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri h\u0259l\u0259 eram\u0131zdan \u00e7ox-\u00e7ox \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r\u0259 gedib \u00e7\u0131xmaqdad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin yaranma tarixini bir-ne\u00e7\u0259 inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcrl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259ti olaraq, G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> q\u0259bul edilir. T\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131n ilk d\u0259f\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dilm\u0259si d\u0259 m\u0259hz G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259rin zaman\u0131na t\u0259sad\u00fcf ed\u0259n Orhan yaz\u0131lar\u0131na aiddir. \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d ad\u0131yla qurulmu\u015f v\u0259 T\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131 r\u0259smi d\u00f6vl\u0259t ad\u0131 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n ilk T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259ti m\u0259hz G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6vl\u0259tin banisi v\u0259 ilk lideri Bumin Xaqan olmu\u015fdur. Bumin Xaqan\u0131n qarda\u015f\u0131 \u0130stemi Xaqan \u00f6lk\u0259nin q\u0259rb hiss\u0259sini idar\u0259 edirdi. G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r qon\u015fular\u0131 olan \u00c7in, Sasani (\u0130ran) v\u0259 Bizans \u0130mperatorlu\u011fu il\u0259 h\u0259rbi, siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malik idil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (552-581-ci ill\u0259r) 6-c\u0131 \u0259srin ortas\u0131nda Asiyan\u0131n \u015f\u0259rqind\u0259 \u00c7in d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin, q\u0259rbind\u0259 Sasani-\u0130ran d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259\u015fdiyi M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rind\u0259, \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 Avarlar, \u00a0q\u0259rbd\u0259 Eftalit\/A\u011f Hunlar il\u0259 apar\u0131lan m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 meydana \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r inanc v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 t\u0259rzin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, G\u00f6ytanr\u0131 (Tanr\u0131 v\u0259 ya Tengri) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulan v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rin m\u0259hz \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 verildiyin\u0259 inan\u0131r v\u0259 bu inancla da h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259rdil\u0259r. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n \u00f6zl\u0259rini G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk dey\u0259 adland\u0131rard\u0131lar. G\u00f6y r\u0259ng, y\u0259ni mavi r\u0259ngi m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s hesab edirdil\u0259r. \u0130bad\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259 g\u00f6y\u0259 yax\u0131n yerl\u0259rd\u0259, y\u00fcks\u0259klikl\u0259rd\u0259 ed\u0259rdil\u0259r. Bug\u00fcn h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 Anadoludak\u0131 t\u00fcrkm\u0259nl\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bayramlar, ayinl\u0259r zaman\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011flara v\u0259 t\u0259p\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 682-ci ild\u0259 par\u00e7alanaraq iki yer\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc zaman bu \u00f6lk\u0259nin q\u0259rbind\u0259 Tardu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulan dig\u0259r bir T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u2013 Q\u0259rbi G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> \u0259sas\u0131 qoyuldu. Bu d\u00f6vl\u0259t 582-659-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur. H\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rqini is\u0259 \u0130\u015fbara idar\u0259 edirdi v\u0259 onun idar\u0259 etdiyi d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u015e\u0259rqi G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 adlan\u0131rd\u0131. \u015e\u0259rqi G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 583-630-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur. \u018fslind\u0259 G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 qon\u015fu \u00c7inin maraqlar\u0131na xidm\u0259t edirdi. B\u00f6y\u00fck T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin x\u0131rda hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si \u00e7inlil\u0259r\u0259 imkan verirdi ki, onlar\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlaya bilsin. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n da \u00c7in h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r aras\u0131nda daim nifaq sal\u0131r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 mane olurdu.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259rin y\u0131x\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 Avarlar\u0131n z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259siyl\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Bolqariya Xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> 630-cu ild\u0259 \u00f6z m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini elan etmi\u015f oldu. Bolqarlar bir \u00e7ox t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131yla birlikd\u0259 \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rini qurdular. B\u00f6y\u00fck Bolqariya Xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kubrat Xan qurdu. Lakin qurulan d\u00f6vl\u0259t uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmad\u0131. Kubrat Xan\u0131n 665-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6lm\u0259siyl\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin h\u00fccumu il\u0259 bu d\u00f6vl\u0259t y\u0131x\u0131ld\u0131. Bolqarlar T\u00fcrk dill\u0259rinin Ogur qrupuna m\u0259nsub bir dild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan tarixi T\u00fcrk xalq\u0131 kimi B\u00f6y\u00fck Hunlar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si olaraq \u0130til \u00e7ay\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 tabe bir boy olan Toharistan Ba\u015f D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> Belh il\u0259 Badah\u015fan aras\u0131nda yer alan Toharistanda Q\u0259rbi G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 idar\u0259 olunan bir T\u00fcrk h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi 630-700-c\u00fc ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur. Bu b\u00f6lg\u0259nin bir \u00f6z\u0259lliyi d\u0259 Himalay da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rb qanad\u0131 olan t\u0259p\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 Hinduku\u015f Da\u011flar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunmas\u0131d\u0131r ki, bu da h\u0259min torpaqlarda qurulan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00f6z m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t qoruya bilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

X\u0259z\u0259r \u0130mperatorlu\u011fu<\/strong> (630-1030-ci ill\u0259r) \u2013 VII v\u0259 X \u0259srl\u0259r aras\u0131nda Qara d\u0259nizin \u015fimal sahill\u0259ri, Kiyev\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rki bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ukrayna torpaqlar\u0131, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin \u015fimal v\u0259 \u015fimal-q\u0259rbini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n geni\u015f torpaqlarda h\u00f6kmran olmu\u015f v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Avropada sabit bir \u00f6lk\u0259 hesab edil\u0259n bir T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir. X\u0259z\u0259r k\u0259lm\u0259si \u201cg\u0259z\u201d anlam\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259n \u201cqaz\u201d k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. \u201cH\u00fcdud-el-al\u0259m\u201d (D\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri) \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, X\u0259z\u0259r Xaqanlar\u0131 Ansa s\u00fclal\u0259sind\u0259ndirl\u0259r v\u0259 Orta Asiyadan g\u0259libl\u0259r. X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t B\u00f6y\u00fck Hun D\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 xalqlar aras\u0131nda olmalar\u0131 ehtimal\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur. 586-c\u0131 ild\u0259n sonrak\u0131 Bizans m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin ad\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u201d olaraq i\u015fl\u0259dilmi\u015fdir. \u0130slamiyy\u0259td\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7oxu Tengrici dinin\u0259 ibad\u0259t etm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, X\u0259z\u0259r Xaqan\u0131 v\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlikd\u0259 t\u0259msil olunanlar\u0131n t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti 740-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Mus\u0259viliyi m\u0259nims\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r. Bir \u00e7ox aliml\u0259r y\u0259hudil\u0259\u015fmi\u015f X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin \u015e\u0259rqi Avropa v\u0259 rus y\u0259hudil\u0259rinin ata-babalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ehtimal edirl\u0259r. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259r dini tolerantl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu v\u0259 Paqanizmin s\u0259rb\u0259st yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplum idi. X \u0259srin sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sini davam etdir\u0259n v\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r D\u0259nizin\u0259 \u00f6z adlar\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259n X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259r daha \u00e7ox X\u0259lif\u0259 Osman\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi \u0130slam D\u00f6vl\u0259ti v\u0259 Sasanil\u0259rl\u0259 sava\u015fd\u0131lar. Xaqanl\u0131q \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n Pe\u00e7eneql\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n \u00e7ox z\u0259ifl\u0259di v\u0259 Kiev Knyazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n y\u0131x\u0131ld\u0131. X\u0259z\u0259r Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 S\u0259m\u0259nd\u0259r v\u0259 \u0130til \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri olmu\u015fdur. R\u0259smi dili X\u0259z\u0259r dili olan bu m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259td\u0259 \u015famanizm, mus\u0259vilik, xristianl\u0131q v\u0259 \u0130slam dinl\u0259ri yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Burada x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259r, bolqarlar, macarlar, slavlar v\u0259 o\u011fuzlar ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Birinci Bolqar D\u00f6vl\u0259ti (632-1018) \u2013 <\/strong>Tuna Bolqar Xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (632-864), Bolqar Knyazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (864-913), Bolqar \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (913-1018) tarixi bir T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu olan \u00d6n Bolqarlar\u0131n Balkanlarda qurduqlar\u0131 bir d\u00f6vl\u0259tdir. Xalq\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n c\u0259nubi slavyan xalqlar\u0131ndan t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259n t\u00fcrk aristokrasiyas\u0131 \u0259srl\u0259r boyunca slavyanla\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. \u00d6n Bolqarlar T\u00fcrk dill\u0259rinin Ogur qrupuna m\u0259nsub bir dild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan tarixi T\u00fcrk xalq\u0131 kimi B\u00f6y\u00fck Hunlar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si olaraq \u0130til \u00e7ay\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. B\u00f6y\u00fck Hunlar\u0131n y\u0131x\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra q\u0259rb\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259n Hun boylar\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n Bolqarlar daha \u015fimala \u00e7\u0259kildil\u0259r v\u0259 h\u0259min Hunlarla m\u0259d\u0259ni \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r qurdular. V \u0259srd\u0259 \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n Sabir T\u00fcrkl\u0259ri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan Bolqarlar bir az daha \u015fimala v\u0259 q\u0259rb\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kildil\u0259r v\u0259 Avropa Hunlar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldular. Avropa Hunlar\u0131 v\u0259 Ogur T\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin qar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla \u201cBolqar\u201d ad\u0131yla tan\u0131nan t\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu meydana g\u0259lmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130dil Bolqarlar\u0131<\/strong> \u2013 XII-X \u0259srl\u0259r aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan bir T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, ilk m\u00fcs\u0259lman t\u00fcrkl\u0259r olub indiki \u00c7uva\u015f\u0131stan\u0131n ulu babalar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6y\u00fck Bolqariya Xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n da\u011f\u0131d\u0131l\u0131b \u00d6n bolqarlar xalq\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra meydana g\u0259lmi\u015f v\u0259 XIII \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r toplu halda qalm\u0131\u015f olan bir xalq olmu\u015flar. \u00d6n bolqarlar\u0131n c\u0259nub-q\u0259rb\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f Tuna bolqarlar\u0131 qismi IX \u0259srd\u0259 xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130dil Bolqarlar\u0131 is\u0259 VIII \u0259srd\u0259 \u0130slam\u0131 q\u0259bul etmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u0130dil Bolqarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimalda qurduqlar\u0131 xanl\u0131q b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli ticari g\u00fcc\u0259 sahib olmu\u015fdur. Kazan tatarlar\u0131 XIX \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 “Tatarlar” deyil, “bolqarlar” deyilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck vermi\u015fl\u0259r. \u00c7uva\u015flar da \u00f6zl\u0259rini \u0130dil Bolqarlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259v\u0259l\u0259ri olaraq g\u00f6r\u00fcrl\u0259r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn milliyy\u0259t\u00e7i \u00c7uva\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin ad\u0131na “\u00c7uva\u015f Respublikas\u0131” yerin\u0259 “Bolqar Respublikas\u0131” ad\u0131 verilm\u0259si laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu bildirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci \u015e\u0259rqi G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk \u0130mperiyas\u0131.<\/strong> \u00c7in hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 gir\u0259n G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r (\u015e\u0259rq G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk \u0130mperiyas\u0131) Kutluk Xaqan zaman\u0131nda yenid\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyin\u0259 qovu\u015fdu. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259, bu d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 “Kutluk D\u00f6vl\u0259ti” d\u0259 deyilir. \u0130kinci \u015e\u0259rqi G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131n dini \u015famanizm, r\u0259smi dili is\u0259 g\u00f6yt\u00fcrk\u00e7\u0259 olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrgi\u015fl\u0259r<\/strong> VI v\u0259 VII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk imperatorlu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olub 630-cu ild\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcst\u0259qilliy\u0259 qovu\u015fan tarixi bir T\u00fcrk boyudur. Baga Tarkan T\u00fcrgi\u015f D\u00f6vl\u0259tini qurdu. \u00d6z ad\u0131na pul basd\u0131. II. G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qurulmas\u0131yla yenid\u0259n G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk idar\u0259\u00e7iliyin\u0259 girdil\u0259r. II G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259rin son d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259 yenid\u0259n s\u0259rb\u0259st qalan T\u00fcrgi\u015fl\u0259rin ba\u015f\u0131na Su-lu Xaqan ke\u00e7di. Su-lu Xaqan \u018fm\u0259vil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apard\u0131. T\u00fcrgi\u015f \u018fm\u0259vi ordular\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131raraq, Orta Asiyan\u0131n \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar. 766-c\u0131 ild\u0259 T\u00fcrgi\u015f D\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 Karluklar son qoydu.<\/p>\n

Uy\u011fur Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> 745\u2013840-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davam etdir\u0259n bir T\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmudur. Uy\u011fur soylular\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015f bir q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r Federasiyas\u0131 idi. \u00c7in qaynaqlar\u0131nda Haesoqq, Vei-ho, Xoinin-ho, Hueu-hu, Wei-wu vs. \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n Uy\u011fur ad\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nas\u0131 974-c\u00fc ild\u0259 yaz\u0131lan \u00e7inc\u0259 bir \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fahin s\u00fcr\u0259tiyl\u0259 g\u0259z\u0259n v\u0259 h\u00fccum ed\u0259n \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin bunun bir b\u0259nz\u0259tm\u0259 oldu\u011fu m\u0259lumdur. Etimoloji olaraq, Uy\u011fur ad\u0131n\u0131n uy (t\u0259qib etm\u0259k) + gur (Salgur kimi) \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f is\u0259 d\u0259, o d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n t\u00fcrkc\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 “t\u0259qib etm\u0259k” m\u0259nas\u0131ndak\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn “ud-” formas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu antitezinden h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcn s\u0259s (oymaq, t\u0259zyiq etm\u0259k) + gur v\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259tli bir ehtimalla uy (qohum, m\u00fctt\u0259fiq) + gur \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259ndiyi m\u00fcdafi\u0259 olunur. Nec\u0259 ki, tarixi d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xan “On Uy\u011fur” federativ ad\u0131n\u0131n “On M\u00fctt\u0259fiq” m\u0259nas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015f olma ehtimal\u0131 tarixi h\u0259qiq\u0259t bax\u0131m\u0131ndan ciddidir.<\/p>\n

Karluklar<\/strong> 766-1215-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda Orta Asiyada varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davam etdir\u0259n T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131d\u0131r. “Qar” ad\u0131 \u0259r\u0259b m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 “Harluk”, farsca \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ” Halluh”, \u00e7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 “Geluolu” formalar\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Q\u0259dim T\u00fcrk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda Karluklara “\u00dc\u00e7 O\u011fuz”, y\u0259ni “\u00dc\u00e7boy” da deyilmi\u015fdir. Onoklar n\u0259slind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n Karluklar T\u00fcrgi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tini s\u0131radan \u00e7\u0131xardaraq Q\u0259rbi T\u00fcrkistanda d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurdular. Karluklar Talas M\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Karluq D\u00f6vl\u0259ti olaraq m\u00f6vcud oldu. Daha sonra Karahanl\u0131lara \u00e7evrildi. \u0130slamiyy\u0259ti q\u0259bul ed\u0259n ilk t\u00fcrk birliyidir. Divani L\u00fc\u011f\u0259ti T\u00fcrkd\u0259n bir par\u00e7ada deyilir: “Qarluq” “K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri T\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n bir d\u0259st\u0259 ad\u0131d\u0131r. O\u011fuzlardan ayr\u0131d\u0131rlar. O\u011fuzlar kimi t\u00fcrkm\u0259ndirl\u0259r.”<\/p>\n

\u0130SLAMDAN SONRAKI D\u00d6VR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qaraxanl\u0131lar<\/strong> – Karluklar il\u0259 Uy\u011fur Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olub T\u00fcrk tarixind\u0259 \u0130slamiyy\u0259ti q\u0259bul ed\u0259n ilk d\u00f6vl\u0259tdir. Qaraxanl\u0131lar 942-1212-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya v\u0259 indiki \u015e\u0259rqi T\u00fcrk\u00fcstan torpaqlar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00f6km s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir.<\/p>\n

Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>, ya da Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>, 840-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u00d6t\u00fcken v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131n\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k m\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiyada qurulan T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir. 840-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Uygurlar\u0131 y\u0131xan Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlar Uy\u011fur torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qurdular. Q\u0259rbd\u0259 Qaraxanl\u0131lar il\u0259 qon\u015fu olan Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Q\u0259rb\u0259 do\u011fru geni\u015fl\u0259n\u0259 bilm\u0259di. \u00d6t\u00fcken v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131n\u0131, dig\u0259r bir s\u00f6zl\u0259, r\u0259hb\u0259rlik m\u0259rk\u0259zini v\u0259 xan\u0259danl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 d\u0259 Kitanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u0131x\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Uy\u011fur Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si olan Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlar 840-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Orxon b\u00f6lg\u0259sin\u0259 ged\u0259r\u0259k Uy\u011fur hakimiyy\u0259tini ortadan qald\u0131rd\u0131lar v\u0259 Orta Asiya m\u0259rk\u0259zini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. Qaraxanl\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259siriyl\u0259 \u0130slam dinini q\u0259bul etdil\u0259r. Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z qaynaqlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, X \u0259srd\u0259 200 min m\u00fcs\u0259lman Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z ail\u0259si vard\u0131. 920-ci ild\u0259 Monqol Kita d\u00f6vl\u0259ti K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 t\u0259zyiq\u0259 u\u011fradaraq Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131 \u0259traf\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7 etm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 nail oldu. 1207-ci ild\u0259 Monqol hakimiyy\u0259tini q\u0259ti q\u0259bul ed\u0259n Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlar Monqol hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 gir\u0259n ilk T\u00fcrk xalq\u0131 oldu. Yenisey \u00e7ay\u0131 sahill\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n tap\u0131nt\u0131lar Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z T\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin ir\u0259li s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 bir m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

Pe\u00e7eneql\u0259r <\/strong>v\u0259 ya Be\u00e7enekler<\/strong> (860-1091-ci ill\u0259r) M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiyadan Avropaya k\u00f6\u00e7 ed\u0259n tarixi T\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131ndan biridir. Daha sonra \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin Xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul etdiyi v\u0259 Avropal\u0131 xalqlar aras\u0131nda \u0259ridiyi ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259rin q\u0259rb qanad\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil Onoklardan meydana g\u0259l\u0259n pe\u00e7eneql\u0259rin VI \u0259srd\u0259 \u0130ss\u0131k v\u0259 Balka\u015f g\u00f6l\u00fc \u0259traf\u0131nda oturdu\u011fu bildirilir. VIII \u0259srd\u0259 O\u011fuzlar\u0131n t\u0259zyiqi il\u0259 q\u0259rb\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7 ed\u0259r\u0259k XI \u0259srd\u0259 Qara d\u0259nizin \u015fimal\u0131na g\u0259ldil\u0259r. Xanl\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 idar\u0259etm\u0259 qurdular.<\/p>\n

Q\u0131p\u00e7aqlar <\/strong>(ya da Kumanlar<\/strong>) tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 IX-XI \u0259srl\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u0130rti\u015f boylar\u0131nda Kimekl\u0259rl\u0259 i\u00e7-i\u00e7\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015flar. Bunlar h\u0259l\u0259 VIII-IX \u0259srl\u0259r \u0259traf\u0131nda Orta Asiyadan Urallara ke\u00e7mi\u015f v\u0259 burada h\u0259yat qurmu\u015flar. Sonra onlar\u0131 Siriderya boylar\u0131nda O\u011fuzlarla yan-yana v\u0259 Orta Asiyaya da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halda g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. Q\u0131p\u00e7aqlar Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l d\u0259 Siriderya, \u0130dil v\u0259 Don aras\u0131nda, Qafqaz v\u0259 Kr\u0131m da\u011flar\u0131nda, X\u0259z\u0259rin \u015fimal d\u00fczl\u00fcy\u00fc il\u0259 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Qazax\u0131stan\u0131n orta v\u0259 \u015fimal-q\u0259rb hiss\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b bir \u00e7ox T\u00fcrk xalq\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r v\u0259 \u0130ran, Suriya, Rusiya, \u015e\u0259rqi Avropa v\u0259 Bizans il\u0259 \u0259sg\u0259ri, ticari v\u0259 iqtisadi \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r qurmu\u015flar. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r “Mafazat Al-guz” (O\u011fuz \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc) dey\u0259 bilin\u0259n torpaqlar da art\u0131q XIII \u0259srd\u0259 De\u015ft-i Q\u0131p\u00e7aq ad\u0131yla an\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00c7ind\u0259n Don \u00e7ay\u0131na, Uraldan Qara d\u0259niz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan sah\u0259y\u0259 yay\u0131lan q\u0131p\u00e7aqlar bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259n sonra da b\u00f6y\u00fck bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik i\u00e7ind\u0259dirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Uz Xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> XI \u0259srd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f bir T\u00fcrk xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Uzlar ilk yurdlar\u0131 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi \u0259traf\u0131 olan O\u011fuz birlikl\u0259ridir. Bu ad\u0131 iranl\u0131lar qoymu\u015fdur. XI \u0259srd\u0259 q\u0259rb\u0259 do\u011fru ir\u0259lil\u0259dil\u0259r v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Avropan\u0131 talan etdil\u0259r. Balkanlarda Pe\u00e7eneql\u0259rl\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcl\u0259r. Bizans ordusunda pullu \u0259sg\u0259r olaraq d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcl\u0259r. Macar\u0131stana yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k Xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259nims\u0259dil\u0259r. Bu b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayan Qaqavuzlar x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini itirm\u0259mi\u015f Uz birlikl\u0259ridir. G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bu t\u00fcrk tayfalar\u0131n\u0131n bir qismi O\u011fuz-Yabgu D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin y\u0131x\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l 1000-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0259rb\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7 ed\u0259r\u0259k Qara d\u0259nizin \u015fimal\u0131na yerl\u0259\u015fdil\u0259r. Q\u0131p\u00e7aqlar\u0131n t\u0259zyiqi il\u0259 Balkanlara getdil\u0259r. Bizansl\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Uz olaraq adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu t\u00fcrk tayfalar\u0131 Makedoniya, Saloniki \u0259traf\u0131nda xanl\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259sk\u0259n salm\u0131\u015flar. Epidemiya x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tli soyuqlar s\u0259b\u0259biyl\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r itkil\u0259r vermi\u015fl\u0259r. Bir qismi Macar\u0131stana ged\u0259r\u0259k macarlara qar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bir qismi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Dobruca istiqam\u0259tin\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdi v\u0259 indiki “Qaqavuz T\u00fcrkl\u0259ri”ni t\u0259\u015fkil etdi. Bir qismi Makedoniyaya yerl\u0259\u015fdi. B\u00f6y\u00fck bir qismi d\u0259 Bizans ordusuna al\u0131nd\u0131. Bir qismi is\u0259 bufer m\u0259qs\u0259diyl\u0259 Anadoluya yerl\u0259\u015fdirildi.<\/p>\n

\u015eirvan\u015fahlar d\u00f6vl\u0259ti <\/strong>(861-1538) Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t idi. \u0130slam d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 yer alan tarixi \u015eirvan \u0259yal\u0259tind\u0259 Abbasil\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259sinin z\u0259if d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 quruldu. Paytaxt\u0131 \u015eamax\u0131 (bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t Bak\u0131) \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri idi. \u015eirvan\u015fahlar Teymurun Qafqaz s\u0259f\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini davam etdirdil\u0259r. Bu s\u0131rada \u015eirvan \u015fah\u0131 olan \u015eeyx \u0130brahim ibn Sultan M\u0259mm\u0259d (1382-1417) bir \u00e7ox m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Teymurla birlikd\u0259 olurdu. 1417-ci ild\u0259 \u015eirvan\u015fah \u015eeyx \u0130brahim \u00f6ld\u00fc v\u0259 o\u011flu I X\u0259lilullah h\u00f6kmdar oldu (1417-1462-ci ill\u0259r). Onun zaman\u0131nda Bak\u0131da \u015eirvan\u015fahlar saray\u0131 quruldu, 1460-ci ild\u0259 10000 n\u0259f\u0259rlik bir t\u00fcrkm\u0259n qo\u015funu \u015firvanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 getmi\u015f \u015eeyx C\u00fcneyt Samur \u00e7ay\u0131 sahilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Q\u0131p\u00e7aq k\u0259ndi yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda edil\u0259n d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. I X\u0259lilullah o\u011flu Ferruh Yasar (1462-1500-ci ill\u0259r) \u015eeyx Heyd\u0259r\u0131n atas\u0131 \u015eeyx C\u00fcneyt kimi \u015eirvana h\u00fccum etm\u0259si zaman\u0131 G\u00fcl\u00fcstan qalas\u0131na \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259r\u0259k 7 ay muhasir\u0259d\u0259 qald\u0131qdan sonra A\u011fqoyunlu h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Sultan Yaqub t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 1488-ci ild\u0259 ona k\u00f6m\u0259k g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi v\u0259 T\u0259b\u0259ristan yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda edil\u0259n d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 \u015eeyx Heyd\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 1500-c\u00fc ilin noyabr ay\u0131nda \u015eeyx Heyd\u0259rin o\u011flu \u0130smay\u0131l\u0131n Q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f ordusu K\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k \u015eirvana h\u00fccum etdi. G\u00fcl\u00fcstan qalas\u0131 yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda realla\u015fan meydan d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259 \u015eirvan\u015fah F\u0259rrux Yasar\u0131n ordusu m\u0259\u011flub oldu v\u0259 Ferruh Yasar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u015eirvan\u015fahlar d\u00f6vl\u0259ti 1538-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r h\u00f6km s\u00fcrd\u00fckd\u0259n sonra S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n da\u011f\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Karahoca\u00a0 Uy\u011fur Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> (Bug\u00fcnki \u015e\u0259rqi T\u00fcrk\u00fcstan) IX-XIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015e\u0259rqi T\u00fcrkistanda Uy\u011furlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulan d\u00f6vl\u0259tdir. 840-c\u0131 ild\u0259 K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri Uy\u011fur Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z h\u00fccumundan sonra Ngo-nie Tegin’in Altay Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015faraq Be\u015fbal\u0131k, Turfan b\u00f6lg\u0259sin\u0259 da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Uy\u011furlar bura yerl\u0259\u015fdil\u0259r v\u0259 K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcy\u00fc sonuncu xaqanlar\u0131n\u0131n qohumu Mengliyi 856-c\u0131 ild\u0259 xaqan elan etdil\u0259r. Uzun zamand\u0131r Tibet t\u0259zyiqi alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u00c7in imperatoru tarazlay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc olaraq haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u015f\u0259rtil\u0259 d\u0259 olsa, d\u0259rhal tan\u0131d\u0131 v\u0259 Uygurlar\u0131n k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 h\u00f6vz\u0259sinin dig\u0259r ucuna (Ka\u015fgara) q\u0259d\u0259r yay\u0131lmas\u0131na etiraz etm\u0259di. 911-ci ild\u0259 soyda\u015flar\u0131 Kansu uy\u011furlar\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini qazanan Turfan uy\u011furlar\u0131, siyasi olaraq, t\u0259sirli bir g\u00fcc olamad\u0131larsa da, Maniheizm dininin d\u0259 t\u0259siriyl\u0259 oturaq hala ke\u00e7dil\u0259r v\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259riyyti Turfan, Ka\u015fgar, Be\u015fbal\u0131k, Kucak, Hami kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir “sivilizasiya” yaratd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

O\u011fuz Yabgulu\u011fu<\/strong> v\u0259 ya O\u011fuz Yabgu D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> (950-1040) – Kiyev Knyazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t\u0259 u\u011frad\u0131lan X\u0259z\u0259r Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc itirm\u0259siyl\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi il\u0259 Aral g\u00f6l\u00fc aras\u0131nda v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u015eamanist O\u011fuzlar 950-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n qopub m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 ya\u015fama\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar. Yabguluk 1040-c\u0131 \u00a0ill\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam etmi\u015f v\u0259 daha sonra S\u0259lcuq d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 hal\u0131na g\u0259lmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259zn\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> 961-1187-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda Mav\u0259ra\u00fcnn\u0259hr, Hindistan\u0131n \u015fimal\u0131 v\u0259 Xorasanda h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u0259n M\u0259ml\u00fck m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li (T\u00fcrk) oldu\u011fu halda m\u0259d\u0259ni bax\u0131mdan v\u0259 de-fakto olaraq Fars xan\u0259danl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131l\u0131 q\u0259bul edil\u0259n\u00a0 T\u00fcrk-Fars-\u0130slam d\u00f6vl\u0259ti v\u0259 ya T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam d\u00f6vl\u0259ti idi. Q\u0259zn\u0259lil\u0259r adlar\u0131n\u0131 paytaxt \u0259ld\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri, bu an \u018ffqan\u0131stan s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri i\u00e7ind\u0259 olan Q\u0259zn\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Q\u0259zn\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l bu torpaqlarda h\u00f6km s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan Fars \u0259silli Samanil\u0259rin siyasi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni t\u0259sirind\u0259n dolay\u0131 Q\u0259zn\u0259li T\u00fcrkl\u0259r zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 farsla\u015fm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq d\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> s\u0259lcuqlular\u0131n qurdu\u011fu ilk d\u00f6vl\u0259tdir. K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri T\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rd\u0259ki \u00e7aylar\u0131 ke\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edirdi. Xan\u0259dan\u0131n atas\u0131 olan S\u0259lcuq B\u0259y t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259m\u0259li at\u0131lan bu d\u00f6vl\u0259t Ba\u011fdad\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 paytaxt ed\u0259r\u0259k Abbasi x\u0259lif\u0259sinin qoruyucusu m\u00f6vqeyin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131. 1092-ci ild\u0259 S\u0259lcuq h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 M\u0259lik\u015fah\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259 u\u011frad\u0131. S\u0259lcuqlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulan dig\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r Kirman S\u0259lcuklu D\u00f6vl\u0259ti, \u0130raq S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259ti, Suriya S\u0259lcuqlu D\u00f6vl\u0259ti v\u0259 Anadolu S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259tidir. 1040-1157-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u0259n B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuqlar \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc olduqlar\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Xar\u0259zm, Xorasan, \u0130ran, \u0130raq, Suriya, \u018fr\u0259b yar\u0131madas\u0131 v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Anadoluya sahib olmu\u015f bir T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir. Sahib olduqlar\u0131 \u0259razi \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 Balka\u015f v\u0259 Iss\u0131k g\u00f6ll\u0259ri, q\u0259rbd\u0259 Egey v\u0259 Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizi sahill\u0259ri, \u015fimalda Aral g\u00f6l\u00fc, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi, Qafqaz, Qarad\u0259niz; c\u0259nubda \u018fr\u0259bistan daxil olmaqla, Oman d\u0259nizin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7at\u0131rd\u0131 (10.000.000 km2).<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259rqi Qaraxanl\u0131lar D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> Qaraxanl\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259ti ikiy\u0259 ayr\u0131landan sonra B\u00f6y\u00fck Xaqan kimi tan\u0131nan \u015eeref\u00fcddevle l\u0259q\u0259bli \u018fbu \u015e\u00fcca S\u00fcleyman ibn Yusif m\u0259rk\u0259zi Balasagun v\u0259 Ka\u015fgar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 saxlay\u0131b, qarda\u015flar\u0131ndan Bu\u011fra Xan M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259 Taraz il\u0259 \u0130sficab\u0131, Mahmuda is\u0259 Arslan Tigin l\u0259q\u0259biyl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rqini verdi. Qaraxanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda s\u0259rh\u0259d anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r davam edirdi. \u015e\u0259rqi Qaraxanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin paytaxt\u0131 Balasagun idi. \u0130lk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri T\u00fcrkl\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisin\u0259 q\u0259bul edildi v\u0259 \u0130slamiyy\u0259t\u0259 girm\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259min edildi. Bu s\u0131rada B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq d\u00f6vl\u0259ti g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259kd\u0259ydi. \u015e\u0259rqi Qaraxanl\u0131lar\u0131 Qarahitaylar y\u0131xd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259rbi Qaraxanl\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> Qaraxanl\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259siyl\u0259 Mav\u0259ra\u00fcnn\u0259hr \u0259traf\u0131n\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259 idi. Paytaxt\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259l \u00d6zk\u0259nd (Tacikistan), daha sonra is\u0259 S\u0259m\u0259rq\u0259nd oldu. M\u0259lik\u015fah\u0131n d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t oldu\u011fu halda, S\u0259lcuqlar\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259yi q\u0259bul etdil\u0259r. Q\u0259rbi Qaraxanl\u0131 h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 \u018fhm\u0259d Xan S\u0259lcuqlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0259sir al\u0131nd\u0131 v\u0259 bura S\u0259lcuq qubernatoru t\u0259yin edildi. Qaraxanl\u0131 torpaqlar\u0131nda \u00fcsyan olanda \u018fhm\u0259d Xan S\u0259lcuq idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259ki Qaraxanl\u0131 torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u0259timinine b\u00f6lg\u0259 b\u0259yi olaraq g\u0259tirildi. 1141-ci ild\u0259ki Katvan M\u00fcharib\u0259sinin sonunda Qara H\u0131taya ba\u011fl\u0131 qalm\u0131\u015f Q\u0259rbi Qaraxanl\u0131lar 1212-ci ild\u0259 Xar\u0259zm\u015fahlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tamamil\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Meng\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc b\u0259yliyi<\/strong> ya da Meng\u00fcceklil\u0259r<\/strong> (1080-1228) Malazgird d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra Anadoluda \u018frzincan, Kemah, Divri\u011fi, \u015eebinkarahisar b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 qurulmu\u015f bir b\u0259ylikdir. Qurucusu Malazgirt M\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 komandir olaraq qat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Meng\u00fccek Qazi olmu\u015fdur. 1080-ci ild\u0259 qurulan bir d\u00f6vl\u0259tdir. Meng\u00fccek Qazi Anadolunun f\u0259thi \u0259snas\u0131nda \u018frzincan, Kemah, Divri\u011fi v\u0259 Karahisar\u0131 z\u0259bt etmi\u015fdi. \u00d6z\u00fc is\u0259 bu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalarda \u015f\u0259hid d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. 1142-ci ild\u0259 Meng\u00fccek Qazinin o\u011flunun iqtidara g\u0259lm\u0259siyl\u0259 \u018frzincan qolu v\u0259 Divri\u011fi qolu olmaqla iki hiss\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. \u018frzincan qolunu 1228-ci ild\u0259 I Ala\u0259ddin Keykubat i\u015f\u011fal etdi. Divri\u011fi qolu is\u0259 1252-ci ild\u0259 S\u0259lcuqlar\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n

Meng\u00fcceklil\u0259r s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 d\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259mi\u015fdir. Divri\u011fid\u0259 olan b\u0259zi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r zaman\u0131m\u0131za q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Divri\u011fid\u0259ki Qala m\u0259scidi bunlardand\u0131r v\u0259 1180-ci ild\u0259 \u015eah\u0259n\u015fah S\u00fcleyman t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n in\u015fa etdirilmi\u015fdir. Yen\u0259 Divri\u011fid\u0259ki Ulu M\u0259scid d\u0259 Meng\u00fcc\u00fckl\u0259rd\u0259n \u018fhm\u0259d \u015eah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 1228-1289-cu ild\u0259 in\u015fa etdirilmi\u015fdir. Bu m\u0259scidin qap\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259t tarixi bax\u0131m\u0131ndan olduqca qiym\u0259tli q\u0259bul edilir. Ulu m\u0259scidin minb\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 hasar qap\u0131lar\u0131ndan birini d\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d \u015fah in\u015fa etdirmi\u015fdir. B\u0259hram \u015fah\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131 Turan M\u0259l\u0259k t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Ulu m\u0259scid\u0259 biti\u015fik olaraq in\u015fa etdiril\u0259n daru\u015f\u015f\u0259fa da \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli Meng\u00fcc\u0259kli \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259ndir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7aka B\u0259y D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> 1081-ci ild\u0259 \u0130zmird\u0259 qurulmu\u015fdur. Qurucusu \u00c7aka B\u0259ydir. 1093-ci ild\u0259 bizansl\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n da\u011f\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131. Bel\u0259c\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Anadoludak\u0131 ilk T\u00fcrk suverenliyi sona \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f oldu. \u00c7aka B\u0259yliyi \u0130zmird\u0259 quruldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox d\u0259niz f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti realla\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, d\u0259niz d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ilk T\u00fcrk d\u0259niz\u00e7i d\u00f6vl\u0259tdir. \u00c7aka b\u0259yin \u00c7anaqqala b\u00f6lg\u0259sini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u00f6z suverenliyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn narahat olan k\u00fcr\u0259k\u0259ni Birinci K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan \u00c7aka b\u0259yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 bu b\u0259yliy\u0259 son vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7aka B\u0259y D\u00f6vl\u0259ti Q\u0259rbi Anadoluda \u0130slam\u0131n q\u0259bul olunmas\u0131ndan sonra inki\u015faf ed\u0259n T\u00fcrk h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131qlar\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnki Avropan\u0131n \u015f\u0259rqind\u0259 v\u0259 bu b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 daha \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r, Roma D\u00f6vl\u0259ti v\u0259 ayr\u0131lmadan sonra \u015e\u0259rqi Roma \u0130mperiyas\u0131 (Bizans) s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri i\u00e7ind\u0259 ya\u015fayan m\u00fcs\u0259lman olmayan t\u00fcrk tayfalar\u0131 m\u00f6vcud idi.<\/p>\n

Dilma\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131 B\u0259yliyi<\/strong> 1085-1192-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda Bitlis v\u0259 Erzend\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil olan bir T\u00fcrk b\u0259yliyi idi. Qurucusu B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Alp Arslan\u0131n komandirl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan Dilma\u00e7 M\u0259mm\u0259d B\u0259ydir (1085-1104-ci ill\u0259r). Qurulu\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davam etdir\u0259n Dilma\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131 To\u011fan Arslan d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 (1104-1137-ci ill\u0259r) \u0259n parlaq ill\u0259rini ya\u015fay\u0131blar. Saltuklular v\u0259 Ard\u0131ql\u0131lar il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 xristianlara v\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcbl\u0259r. B\u0259yliyin qurucusu Dilma\u00e7o\u011flu M\u0259mm\u0259d (M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d) B\u0259y Sultan Alp Arslan d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Bek\u00e7io\u011flu Af\u015fin v\u0259 \u018fhm\u0259d \u015eah kimi t\u00fcrkm\u0259n b\u0259yl\u0259ri il\u0259 Bizans idar\u0259sind\u0259ki Anadoluya ax\u0131nlarda olurdu. Malazgirt M\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 (1071-ci il) d\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n Dilma\u00e7o\u011flu M\u0259mm\u0259d B\u0259y daha sonra S\u0259lcuq ordusunun H\u0259l\u0259b \u0259traf\u0131nda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi f\u0259thl\u0259r\u0259 qat\u0131ld\u0131. 1085-ci ild\u0259 diyar-\u0131 B\u0259kir (Diyarbak\u0131r) al\u0131nd\u0131qdan sonra Bitlis v\u0259 Ahlat da S\u0259lcuq q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n z\u0259bt edildi. Bitlis v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131 M\u0259mm\u0259d b\u0259yin idar\u0259sin\u0259 veril\u0259r\u0259k ona ikta (istifad\u0259 haqq\u0131) t\u0259tbiq edildi. Bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 Dilma\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131 B\u0259yliyi qurulmu\u015f oldu. \u018fvv\u0259l Q\u0131l\u0131nc Aslana, onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra da Ermen\u015fahlara (Ahlat\u015fahlar) tabe oldu. Togan Arslan daha sonra Artuklulardan II Qaziy\u0259 tabe olmu\u015f v\u0259 bu H\u00f6kmdarla birlikd\u0259 xristianlara v\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdir. 1192-ci ild\u0259 Ermen\u015fahlardan Begtimur Bitlisi z\u0259bt etdi. Bundan sonra Dilma\u00e7o\u011fullar\u0131 B\u0259yliyi XIV \u0259srin sonlar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r h\u00f6km s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, ehtimalla A\u011fqoyunlular d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 tarix\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ubuko\u011fullar\u0131 B\u0259yliyi<\/strong> S\u0259lcuq s\u0259rdarlar\u0131 \u00c7ubuq b\u0259y (1085-1092-ci ill\u0259r) v\u0259 o\u011flu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d b\u0259y t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 1085-1112-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda F\u0259rat \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rbind\u0259 Palu, G\u0259nc aras\u0131n\u0131, \u00c7emi\u015fgezek, E\u011fin, Arapgir v\u0259 \u0131traf\u0131n\u0131 f\u0259th ed\u0259r\u0259k qurulan bir T\u00fcrk b\u0259yliyidir. 1112-ci ild\u0259 Artuklu B\u0259yliyinin hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131na girmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Dan\u0131\u015fm\u0259nli B\u0259yliyi <\/strong>(1092-1202-ci ill\u0259r) Dani\u015fm\u0259ndlil\u0259rin 1080-1178-ci ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 Sivas m\u0259rk\u0259z olmaqla \u00c7orum, Tokat, Niksar, Amasiya, Malatya, Kayseri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri \u0259traf\u0131nda qurulmu\u015f bir Anadolu Beyliyidir. Dan\u0131\u015fm\u0259nd s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259nas\u0131 farscada “t\u0259lim\u00e7i adam” d\u0131r. Dani\u015fm\u0259ndlil\u0259rin ilk r\u0259hb\u0259ri olan Dan\u0131\u015fm\u0259nd \u018fhm\u0259d Qazi 1063-c\u00fc ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n S\u0259lcuq Sultan\u0131 Alparslan\u0131n xidm\u0259tin\u0259 girmi\u015f bir ‘seyyid’ komutand\u0131. Malazgirt M\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 da qat\u0131lan Dan\u0131\u015fm\u0259nd Qazi q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin qazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynad\u0131. 1080-ci ild\u0259 Bizansl\u0131lardan Sivas\u0131 ald\u0131 v\u0259 Dan\u0131\u015fm\u0259ndli Xan\u0259dan\u0131n\u0131 qurdu.<\/p>\n

Saltuklu B\u0259yliyi<\/strong> (1092-1202-ci ill\u0259r) Malazgirt m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq d\u00f6vl\u0259ti komandirl\u0259rind\u0259n, eyni zamanda ad\u0131 ‘seyyid’ olan Ebulkas\u0131m Saltuk b\u0259yin 1071-ci ild\u0259 qurdu\u011fu bir Anadolu T\u00fcrk B\u0259yliyidir. M\u0259rk\u0259zi \u018frzurum olub. Saltuklular g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259rl\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259r\u0259k torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259tmi\u015fl\u0259r. Dan\u0131\u015fm\u0259ndlil\u0259rl\u0259 bir olub xristianlara qar\u015f\u0131 u\u011furlu m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Anadolu S\u0259lcuq sultan\u0131 R\u00fckn\u0259ddin S\u00fcleyman \u015eah g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 Saltuk b\u0259yi Alaattin M\u0259lik \u015fah\u0131 da d\u0259v\u0259t etmi\u015fdir. Ancaq Alaattin M\u0259lik \u015fah bu s\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 qo\u015fulma\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259yinc\u0259, R\u00fckn\u0259ddin S\u00fcleyman \u015eah 1202-ci ild\u0259 \u018frzurumu alaraq Saltuklular B\u0259yliyinin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funa son qoymu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Suriya S\u0259lcuklar\u0131<\/strong> (1092-1117-ci ill\u0259r) \u2013 M\u0259lik\u015fah\u0131n qarda\u015f\u0131 Alovlan\u0131n h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Suriyan\u0131 f\u0259th ed\u0259n v\u0259 1078-ci ild\u0259n b\u0259ri B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin Suriya m\u0259liyi olan Alovlan (Sultan Alparslan\u0131n o\u011flu v\u0259 Sultan M\u0259lik\u015fah\u0131n qarda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r) \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc sultan elan ed\u0259r\u0259k, qarda\u015f\u0131 o\u011flu Sultan Berkyarukun \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 getmi\u015f, 1094-c\u00fc ilin dekabr ay\u0131nda Ba\u011fdad\u0131 f\u0259th ed\u0259r\u0259k ad\u0131na x\u00fctb\u0259 oxutdurmu\u015f, lakin Reyd\u0259 qarda\u015f\u0131 o\u011fluna m\u0259\u011flub olmu\u015fdu (1095). O\u011fullar\u0131ndan R\u0131dvan H\u0259l\u0259bd\u0259 v\u0259 Dukak \u015eamda hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini elan etmi\u015fl\u0259r. H\u0259l\u0259b hakimi R\u0131dvan xristianlarla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bir ara s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini C\u0259nubi Anadoluya q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015fl\u0259tmi\u015fdi. 1117-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 h\u0259r iki b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t Atab\u0259yl\u0259rin \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Anadolu S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> (1092-1243) – S\u0259lcuqlular\u0131n Anadoluda qurdu\u011fu d\u00f6vl\u0259tdir. T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin Anadoluya yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si 1071-ci ild\u0259ki Malazgirt m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndi. S\u0259lcuq komandiri Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah Anadoludak\u0131 f\u0259thl\u0259ri q\u0259rb\u0259 yayaraq 1075-ci ild\u0259 \u0130caz\u0259siki Bizansdan ald\u0131 v\u0259 buran\u0131 paytaxt ed\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini elan etdi. Bel\u0259c\u0259 qurulan Anadolu S\u0259lcuq d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n sonuncu Anadolu S\u0259lcuq sultan\u0131n\u0131 taxtdan endirdikl\u0259ri 1308-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davam etdirdi.<\/p>\n

Bizans\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259d qon\u015fusu olan S\u00fcleyman \u015eah bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra bu d\u00f6vl\u0259tin daxili i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. 1078-ci ild\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq Sultan\u0131 M\u0259lik\u015fah Anadoluda ayr\u0131 bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t quran I S\u00fcleyman \u015eah\u0131n g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n narahat olma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. 1078-ci ild\u0259 \u00a0ordusunu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi G\u00f6zl\u0259diyi z\u0259f\u0259ri qazana bilm\u0259di. S\u00fcleyman \u015eah Bizansdak\u0131 taxt d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n faydalanaraq s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259yi buraxmaq m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qald\u0131. Daha sonra I S\u00fcleyman \u015eah 1082-ci ild\u0259 Adana v\u0259 Tarsus \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259riyl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn Kilikiya torpaqlar\u0131na sahib oldu. 1084-c\u00fc ild\u0259 d\u0259 Antakyan\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

Kirman S\u0259lcuqlu D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> (Kirman S\u0259lcuqlular\u0131) (1092-1187) – Alparslan\u0131n qarda\u015f\u0131 Kavurd b\u0259yin s\u00fclal\u0259si (Qa\u015fqaylar v\u0259 Hamsel\u0259rin m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi) idi. Z\u0259ng b\u0259yin o\u011flu Kavurd S\u0259lcuqlular\u0131n Kirman qolunun ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 idi. \u0130ran\u0131n c\u0259nub hiss\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Kirmandan ba\u015fqa Fars, H\u00f6rm\u00fcz v\u0259 Umman\u0131 da z\u0259bt etmi\u015fdir. Umman\u0131n f\u0259thi S\u0259lcuqlular t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n edilmi\u015f ilk d\u0259nizd\u0259n k\u0259nar s\u0259f\u0259rdir. Daha sonra bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 taxt t\u0259l\u0259biyl\u0259 \u00fcsyan ed\u0259n Kavurd Sultan\u0131n s\u0259si M\u0259lik\u015fah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bo\u011fdurulmu\u015ftur. Onun yerin\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n o\u011fullar\u0131 S\u0259lcuqlulara ba\u011fl\u0131 qalm\u0131\u015flar. Bir ara Gurlular\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 gir\u0259n Kirman S\u0259lcuqlu D\u00f6vl\u0259ti 1187-ci ild\u0259 O\u011fuzlardan olan Dinar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u00fcquta u\u011frad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Xar\u0259zm\u015fahlar d\u00f6vl\u0259ti <\/strong>(1097-1231) Orta Asiyada Xar\u0259zm b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 Kutbeddin M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Xar\u0259zm\u015fah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulan bir d\u00f6vl\u0259tdir. Bu d\u00f6vl\u0259t B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259tini y\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Amu-D\u0259rya b\u00f6lg\u0259si orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 “Xar\u0259zm” v\u0259 h\u00f6kmdarlar “Xar\u0259zm\u015fah” olaraq adlan\u0131rd\u0131. XI \u0259srin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru bu b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 qurulan yerli etnik bir birlik olan v\u0259 t\u00fcrkdilli yerli xalq\u0131n qurdu\u011fu bu d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ad\u0131 da Xar\u0259zm\u015fahlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nalo\u011fullar\u0131 B\u0259yliyi<\/strong> (1098-1183) \u2013 Anadolunun f\u0259thind\u0259n sonra Diyarb\u0259kir v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131nda qurulan I D\u00f6n\u0259m Anadolu B\u0259yliyidir. \u015eimalda olan Artuklulara qon\u015fudur.<\/p>\n

Ahlat\u015fahlar B\u0259yliyi<\/strong> (1100-1207) – Ahlatda XII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 qurulmu\u015f olan bir T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tidir. Bu B\u0259yliy\u0259 \u018frm\u0259n\u015fahlar B\u0259yliyi, S\u00f6km\u0259nlil\u0259r B\u0259yliyi d\u0259 deyilir. Sultan M\u0259lik\u015fah\u0131n \u0259misi o\u011flu olan Kutbeddin \u0130smay\u0131l 1080-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u00fcmumi valiliyin\u0259 t\u0259yin edilmi\u015fdi. Kutbeddin \u0130smay\u0131l\u0131n komandirl\u0259rind\u0259n olan S\u00f6km\u0259yin B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq Sultan\u0131 M\u0259lik\u015fah\u0131n \u0259misi Yakutinin o\u011flu olan Kutbedd\u00een \u0130smay\u0131l\u0131n qulami (k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i-xidm\u0259tl\u0259) idi. Q\u0131sa zamanda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015f v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k komandir olmu\u015fdur. \u018fdal\u0259t v\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t qazanan S\u00f6km\u0259yin Ahlatta d\u0259v\u0259t edildi. S\u00f6km\u0259yin \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 Ahlata g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri t\u0259slim ald\u0131. Burada bir h\u00f6kum\u0259t, y\u0259ni b\u0259ylik qurdu. Ail\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 bundan sonra Ahlat \u015eahlar\u0131 (Ahlat\u015fahlar) v\u0259 \u018frm\u0259n\u015fahlar deyildi.<\/p>\n

Artuklu B\u0259yliyi<\/strong> (1102-1408) – paytaxt\u0131 Diyarb\u0259kir olan v\u0259 c\u0259nub-\u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 Mardin, Hasankeyf v\u0259 Harput b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n bir O\u011fuz t\u00fcrkm\u0259n B\u0259yliyi olmu\u015fdur. Ard\u0131ql\u0131lar 1102-ci ild\u0259 C\u0259nubi v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Anadoluda qurulmu\u015f bir b\u0259ylikdir. Ad\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcrkm\u0259n b\u0259yi olan ‘seyyid’ Ard\u0131q B\u0259yd\u0259n alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1086-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Ard\u0131q B\u0259y d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fib. Daha sonra Ard\u0131ql\u0131lar H\u0131sn\u0131keyfa, Mardin v\u0259 Harput olmaq \u00fczr\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 \u0259sas qoldan idar\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. H\u0131sn\u0131keyfa qolu Ard\u0131q b\u0259yin o\u011flu S\u00f6km\u0259yin B\u0259y t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulmu\u015fdur. Paytaxt\u0131 H\u0131sn\u0131keyfa, daha sonra da Diyarbak\u0131r olaraq t\u0259yin olunmu\u015fdur. 1231-ci ild\u0259 Eyyubil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n y\u0131x\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mardin qolunun qurucusu \u0130lqaz B\u0259ydir. S\u0131rayla Anadolu S\u0259lcuq, \u018fyyubi v\u0259 Monqol hakimiyy\u0259tinin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 girmi\u015fl\u0259r, 1409-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 Qaraqoyunlular t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n y\u0131x\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Harput qolunun qurucusu Mardin Artuklular\u0131ndan olan M\u0259lik \u0130mam\u0259ddin \u018fbub\u0259krin olmu\u015fdur. 1224-ci ild\u0259 I \u018fl\u0259ddin Keykubat Harputu alaraq bu quruma son vermi\u015fdir. Artuklulardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259l\u0259n tarixi \u0259s\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 ayaqda dayanmaqda olan Malabadi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Malabadi K\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fc 1147-ci ild\u0259 in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdir. Malabadi K\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fc d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck da\u015f k\u0259m\u0259rli k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr v\u0259 Ayasofya Kils\u0259sinin g\u00fcnb\u0259zini i\u00e7in\u0259 rahatl\u0131qla ala bil\u0259c\u0259k q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ril\u0259r <\/strong>v\u0259 ya B\u00f6r\u00fco\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong> (1117-1154) \u2013 \u015eam v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131nda qurulmu\u015f S\u0259lcuq Atab\u0259yliyidir. S\u0259lcuqlularda idar\u0259\u00e7i olaraq t\u0259yin edil\u0259n \u015fahzad\u0259l\u0259rin yan\u0131na atab\u0259y olaraq adland\u0131r\u0131lan t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259li d\u00f6vl\u0259t adamlar\u0131 veril\u0259rdi. Atab\u0259y d\u00f6vl\u0259tin z\u0259ifl\u0259diyi d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259ki r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irib d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdirl\u0259r. Xan\u0259dan\u0131n ikinci Atab\u0259yi “qurd” m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259n b\u00f6ri ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xan\u0259dan da bu adla tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. 8 \u0130yun 1104-c\u00fc ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u0259rk\u0259zi \u015eam olaraq B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 Suriya v\u0259 Livan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259sini ida\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. 1148-ci ilin iyul ay\u0131nda \u0130kinci S\u0259lib y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc zaman\u0131 xristianlar\u0131n \u015eama h\u00fccumlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259siz buraxma\u011f\u0131 bacarm\u0131\u015flar. 26 Aprel 1154-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u015eam daxil olmaqla b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259razisinin bir ba\u015fqa atab\u0259ylik Zengim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n f\u0259th edilinc\u0259, \u00a0B\u00f6ril\u0259r d\u0259 tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sind\u0259n silindil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Z\u0259ngil\u0259r<\/strong> (1127-1259) – Zengim 12 v\u0259 13-c\u00fc \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015eimali \u0130raq v\u0259 Suriyada S\u0259lcuq Atab\u0259y olaraq h\u00f6km s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f bir T\u00fcrk s\u00fclal\u0259si idi. Qurucusu \u0130mad\u0259ddin Z\u0259ngin olmu\u015fdur. Atab\u0259ylikl\u0259r i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli olan\u0131 Zengil\u0259r idi. Mosulda \u0130mad\u0259ddin Z\u0259ngi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulmu\u015f Z\u0259ngim onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, I Seyf\u0259ddin Qazi v\u0259 Kudb\u0259ddin Mevdudi Mosul Atab\u0259yliyini, Nur\u0259ddin Mahmud Z\u0259ngi is\u0259 H\u0259l\u0259b Atab\u0259yliyini idar\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Eld\u0259nizlil\u0259r<\/strong> (1146-1225) – Eld\u0259nizl\u0259r \u015eimali v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycanda qurulmu\u015f bir atab\u0259ylik idi. Qurucusu atab\u0259y \u015e\u0259ms\u0259ddin Eld\u0259niz idi. Q\u0131p\u00e7aq T\u00fcrk\u00fc olan \u015e\u0259ms\u0259ddin Eld\u0259nizin qurdu\u011fu atab\u0259ylik m\u0259rk\u0259zi G\u0259nc\u0259 olmaqla Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 idar\u0259 edirdi. P\u0259hlivan d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 paytaxt Nax\u00e7\u0131vandan \u0130ran\u0131n q\u0259rbind\u0259ki H\u0259m\u0259dana k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Q\u0131z\u0131l Arslan d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 is\u0259 T\u0259briz \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f (1174) v\u0259 bura paytaxt elan edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

\u018frbil B\u0259yliyi<\/strong> (1146-1232) – \u018frbil B\u0259yliyi 1146-1233 ill\u0259ri aras\u0131 \u0130raq\u0131n \u015fimal\u0131ndak\u0131 \u018frbil v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f suveren bir T\u00fcrk Atab\u0259yliyidir. D\u00f6vl\u0259t ad\u0131n\u0131 qurucusu olan Zeynuddin \u018fli Ki\u00e7iyin atas\u0131 Begtegind\u0259n alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Begtegin B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259ti ordusunda bir komandir olmu\u015fdur. O\u011flu Zeynuddin \u018fli Ki\u00e7ik 1144-ci ild\u0259 \u0130mad\u0259ddin Zengi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Mosul qubernatoru olaraq v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ndirilmi\u015fdir. 1146-ci ild\u0259 \u0130mad\u0259ddin Zengi \u00f6l\u00fcnc\u0259 Zeynn\u00fcddin \u018fli Ki\u00e7ik Mosul valiliyi il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u015eehrizor, Hakkari, Sincar, \u018fl-Hamidiye, Tikrit v\u0259 Harran\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n b\u00f6lg\u0259ni hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259c\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi \u018frbil olan \u018frbil B\u0259yliyi qurmu\u015f v\u0259 bu d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ilk Atab\u0259yi olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n

Salgurlular<\/strong> (1147-1284) \u2013 paytaxt\u0131 \u015eiraz olmaqla \u0259halisinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin fars, lakin r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin T\u00fcrk atab\u0259yl\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkil olunan bir atab\u0259ylikdir. Qurucusu Atab\u0259y Salgurdur. C\u0259nubi \u0130raqdak\u0131 fars b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 quruldu\u011fundan Fars Atab\u0259yliyi kimi d\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r. Zaman-zaman hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri Kirman (1204-1213), Oman, H\u00f6rm\u00fcz v\u0259 B\u0259hreyn\u0259 (08 Avqust 1236-c\u0131 ild\u0259n sonra) kimi geni\u015fl\u0259ndi. Salgurlular 1157-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259, 1194-c\u00fc il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r is\u0259 \u0130raq S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 tabe oldular. 1194-1218-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qillik ya\u015fad\u0131qdan sonra 1218-1231-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda Xar\u0259zm\u015fahlara tabe oldular.<\/p>\n

\u0130raq S\u0259lcuqlar\u0131<\/strong> (1157-1194) \u2013 S\u0259nc\u0259rin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra \u0130raq \u018fr\u0259b v\u0259 \u0130raq Acem (Q\u0259rbi \u0130raq) idar\u0259 ed\u0259n B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuqlular\u0131n qal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0259lcuqlu D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin s\u00fcqutundan sonra bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130raq\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 v\u0259 Suriyan\u0131n b\u0259zi hiss\u0259si \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulmu\u015f olan T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin ad\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq Sultan\u0131 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Tapar 18 Aprel 1118-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcnc\u0259, o\u011fullar\u0131 taxt \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fald\u0131lar v\u0259 sonradan \u0259mil\u0259ri Sencerin tabeliyin\u0259 girdil\u0259r. S\u0259nc\u0259r d\u0259 Tapar\u0131n u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130raq v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana m\u0259lik olaraq t\u0259yin etdi. 1157-ci ild\u0259 Sencerin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc il\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuq D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin tarix\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla tamamil\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil oldular v\u0259 \u015eah ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131ma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Karluk D\u00f6vl\u0259ti<\/strong> (1212-1300) – Karluklar 766-1215-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda Orta Asiyada varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 davam etdir\u0259n T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131d\u0131r. “Qar” ad\u0131 \u018fr\u0259b m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ” Harluk”, farsca \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ” Halluh”, \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 “Geluolu” formalar\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir.\u00a0 Q\u0259dim T\u00fcrk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda Karluklara “\u00dc\u00e7 O\u011fuz” y\u0259ni “\u00dc\u00e7boy” da deyilmi\u015fdir. Onoklar n\u0259slind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n Karluklar T\u00fcrgi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tini aradan qald\u0131raraq Q\u0259rbi T\u00fcrkistanda d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurdular. Karluklar Talas M\u00fcharib\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Qarluq D\u00f6vl\u0259ti olaraq m\u00f6vcud oldular. Daha sonra Karahanl\u0131lara \u00e7evrildil\u0259r. \u0130slam\u0131 q\u0259bul ed\u0259n ilk t\u00fcrk birliyidir. Divani L\u00fcg\u0259ti T\u00fcrkd\u0259 qeyd olunur: “Qarluq” “K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri T\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n bir d\u0259st\u0259 ad\u0131d\u0131r. O\u011fuzlardan ayr\u0131d\u0131rlar. O\u011fuzlar kimi t\u00fcrkm\u0259nl\u0259r.”<\/p>\n

\u00c7obano\u011fullar\u0131<\/strong> (1227-1309) – Kastamonu v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131nda 1227-1309-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda h\u00f6km s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f Anadolu B\u0259ylikl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olmu\u015fdur. Anadolu S\u0259lcuqlu D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin Bizans s\u0259rh\u0259dind\u0259 bir \u00e7ox t\u00fcrkm\u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259sinin toplanmas\u0131yla H\u00fcsam\u0259ddin \u00c7oban\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 qoyulan dovl\u0259t olmu\u015fdur. Sultan I \u0130zz\u0259ddin Keykavusdan sonra taxta \u00e7\u0131xan I Ala\u0259ddin Keykubad ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259rz etm\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn uc b\u0259yl\u0259rini h\u00fczuruna \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu b\u0259yl\u0259r aras\u0131nda O\u011fuzlar\u0131n Kay\u0131 boyundan H\u00fcsam\u0259ddin \u00c7oban da var idi. 1225-ci ild\u0259 Kr\u0131ma s\u0259f\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259r\u0259k Sudan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rini f\u0259th ed\u0259n H\u00fcsam\u0259ddin \u00c7oban B\u0259yd\u0259n sonra yerin\u0259 o\u011flu Alp Y\u00f6r\u00fck ke\u00e7di. Onun da yerin\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n o\u011flu Yavlak Arslan, b\u0259yliyini Anadolu S\u0259lcuklular\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130lhanl\u0131lara ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq davam etdirdi. Yavlak Arslan Anadolu S\u0259lcuqlar\u0131n\u0131n taxt d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 1292-ci ild\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb. Yavlak Arslan\u0131n yerin\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n o\u011flu Mahmud b\u0259y vaxt\u0131nda Bizansa h\u00fccumlar d\u00fcz\u0259nl\u0259ns\u0259 d\u0259, Candaro\u011flu S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fan\u0131n q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri Kastamonu 1309-cu ild\u0259 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi v\u0259 bu b\u0259yliy\u0259 son verdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin yaratd\u0131qlar\u0131 ilk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat. T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 ilk \u00fcsul-idar\u0259 \u00fcsullar\u0131. \u0130lk T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda dostluq v\u0259 r\u0259qib m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri. \u0130lk T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n q\u0259dim siyasi x\u0259rit\u0259sind\u0259ki co\u011frafi-siyasi m\u00f6vqeyi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pedaqoji-faliyyt"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1708"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1708\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}