{"id":1679,"date":"2000-09-16T03:30:10","date_gmt":"2000-09-15T23:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/?p=1679"},"modified":"2013-01-27T16:24:03","modified_gmt":"2013-01-27T12:24:03","slug":"turkl%c9%99r-kiml%c9%99rdir-%e2%80%93-m%c9%99ns%c9%99yi-cogtafiyasi-m%c9%99d%c9%99niyy%c9%99ti-bar%c9%99d%c9%99-qisa-m%c9%99lumat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/?p=1679","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkl\u0259r kiml\u0259rdir \u2013 m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi, \u00e7o\u011frafiyas\u0131, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat;"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"turk_bayragi\"<\/a>T\u00fcrk mill\u0259tinin \u0259n q\u0259dim tarixinin \u0259sas d\u00f6vrl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat. Tarixd\u0259 ilk T\u00fcrk izl\u0259rinin yay\u0131lma co\u011frafiyas\u0131, onlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzi haqq\u0131nda bilikl\u0259r. T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ilk idar\u0259etm\u0259 qurulu\u015fu nec\u0259 formala\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r?
\n<\/strong>
\nT\u00fcrk mill\u0259tinin tarixi insanl\u0131q tarixi q\u0259d\u0259r q\u0259dimdir. \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc tarixin \u0259n q\u0259dim \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131ndan b\u0259ri i\u015fl\u0259dilir v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n toplum v\u0259 ya toplumlar\u0131n ad\u0131 kimi m\u00f6vcud idi.
\nT\u00fcrkl\u0259rin k\u00f6kl\u00fc v\u0259 \u00e7ox z\u0259ngin bir tarix\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 sahib olmalar\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n bir \u00e7ox elm adamlar\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131n haradan g\u0259ldiyi haqq\u0131nda ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar aparm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259lum olmu\u015fdur ki, T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 e.\u0259. XIV \u0259srd\u0259 \u201cTik\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201cTikl\u0259r\u201d ad\u0131yla tan\u0131nma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ba\u015fqa bir fikr\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 e.\u0259. XIV \u0259srd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l d\u0259 var olmu\u015fdur. Q\u0131sas\u0131, T\u00fcrk irqinin tarixi insanl\u0131q tarixi q\u0259d\u0259r z\u0259ngin v\u0259 q\u0259dimdir. Bu ger\u00e7\u0259yi q\u0259dim milli mifologiyalarda v\u0259 tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259ri izah ed\u0259n q\u0259dim s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\nT\u00fcrk irqinin \u00e7ox q\u0259dim olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n T\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131n haradan g\u0259ldiyi haqq\u0131nda bir \u00e7ox iddia v\u0259 m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259,
\n– Heredotun bir \u00e7ox \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 sitat kimi \u00e7\u0259kdiyi Targitablar;
\n– \u0130skit torpaqlar\u0131nda do\u011fuldu\u011fu iddia edil\u0259n Tirkael\u0259r;
\n– T\u00f6vratda adlar\u0131 sadalanan Togarmalar;
\n– Q\u0259dim Hind m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edil\u0259n Turukhalar v\u0259 ya Thraklar;
\n– Q\u0259dim \u00d6n Asiya yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259tnl\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n Turukkular;
\n\u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 e.\u0259. I \u0259srd\u0259 rol oynad\u0131qlar\u0131 bildiril\u0259n Tik v\u0259 ya Dil\u0259r birba\u015fa \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131b \u0259slind\u0259 t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcy\u00fcn m\u0259nalar\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.
\n\u0130slam m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yer alan \u0130ran m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li \u201cZenf-Avesta\u201d r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0130srail m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li \u201cT\u00f6vrat\u201d r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 Nuh Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin n\u0259v\u0259si olan Yaf\u0259sin o\u011flu \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d il\u0259 \u0130ran r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259ki Feridunun o\u011flu \u201cT\u00fcrac\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201cTur\u201dun soyu t\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan ilk m\u0259na olaraq g\u00f6st\u0259rilmi\u015fdir.
\n\u201cAvesta\u201dda yer alan \u201cEb\u00fcl B\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u201dd\u0259n, C\u0259mil v\u0259 o\u011flu Feridundan b\u0259hs edilir. Feridunun \u00f6lk\u0259si Salm, \u0130rak v\u0259 Turak (T\u00fcrk) adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011flu aras\u0131nda pay olaraq b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Salmaya bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran v\u0259 onun \u0259halisi, \u0130raka bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130raq v\u0259 onun \u0259halisi, Turaka is\u0259 Orta Asiya v\u0259 \u00c7in \u0259razil\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Feridun \u00f6l\u0259nd\u0259n sonra \u0130rak Salmaya h\u00fccum etmi\u015f, \u0130ran\u0131 z\u0259bt etmi\u015f, daha sonra is\u0259 Turaka h\u00fccum \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdir.
\n\u0130rak Turak\u0131 m\u0259\u011flub ed\u0259 bilm\u0259mi\u015f, sava\u015f onlar\u0131n n\u0259v\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r uzanaraq ill\u0259rc\u0259 s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Sonda Turak\u0131n n\u0259v\u0259si \u201c\u018ffrasiyab\u201d \u0130rak\u0131n n\u0259v\u0259si \u201cMuncihiri\u201d m\u0259\u011flub etmi\u015f v\u0259 Ceyhun n\u0259hri s\u0259rh\u0259d q\u0259bul edil\u0259r\u0259k bir anla\u015fma imzalam\u0131\u015flar. O tarixd\u0259n sonra Ceyhun n\u0259hrinin \u015f\u0259rq hiss\u0259si \u201cTuran\u201d, q\u0259rb hiss\u0259si is\u0259 \u201c\u0130ran\u201d adlanma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nT\u00f6vrat r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 bildirilir ki, Nuh tufan\u0131ndan sonra Nuh Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011flu aras\u0131nda pay kimi b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Yafes\u0259 Orta Asiya v\u0259 \u00c7in \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, Yafes \u00f6l\u0259n zaman taxt\u0131-tac\u0131n\u0131 s\u0259kkiz o\u011fullar\u0131ndan biri olan \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d\u0259 miras qoymu\u015fdur.
\nM\u0259lum olur ki, H\u0259zr\u0259ti Ad\u0259min d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 yax\u0131n zamanlarda Turakdan (T\u00fcrk), \u0130ran-Turan sava\u015flar\u0131ndan v\u0259 Alp \u018fr Tunqa kimi b\u00f6y\u00fck bir t\u00fcrk Komandan\u0131ndan v\u0259 Saka \u0130mperatorlu\u011fu Xaqan\u0131ndan b\u0259hs edilm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Yuxar\u0131da mifoloji v\u0259 tarixi qeydl\u0259r i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 yer alan \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d k\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r q\u0259dim tarix\u0259 malik olmu\u015fdur.
\nE.\u0259. XIV \u0259srd\u0259 yer alan \u201cTik\u201dl\u0259r il\u0259 d\u00fcnyada m\u00f6vcud olan m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259n q\u0259dimi olan e.\u0259. VII \u0259srd\u0259 Orta Asiyada qurulan \u201cAnav\u201d m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti d\u0259 T\u00fcrkl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulmu\u015fdur. O halda T\u00fcrkl\u0259r e.\u0259. XIV \u0259srd\u0259 Tikl\u0259r, e.\u0259. VII \u0259srd\u0259 Anavlar, e.\u0259. IV \u0259srd\u0259 Sakalar il\u0259 tarixi qeydl\u0259rd\u0259 yer almaqdad\u0131rlar.
\nT\u00fcrk k\u0259lm\u0259sinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olaraq i\u015fl\u0259dilm\u0259si ilk d\u0259f\u0259 e.\u0259. 1328-ci ild\u0259 \u00c7in tarixind\u0259 \u201cTu-Kiu\u201d \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nE.\u0259. I \u0259srd\u0259 romal\u0131 yazarlardan biri olan Pompeius Mealan\u0131n Azak d\u0259nizinin \u015fimal\u0131nda ya\u015fayan xalqlar\u0131 \u201cTurcae\u201d adland\u0131raraq b\u0259hs etm\u0259si il\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olaraq qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131q.
\nT\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131n tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 eram\u0131z\u0131n VI \u0259srind\u0259 qurulan G\u00f6y-T\u00fcrk D\u00f6vl\u0259ti il\u0259 qurulmu\u015fdur. Orhan kitab\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yer alan \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d ad\u0131 daha \u00e7ox \u201cT\u00fcr\u00fck\u201d \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, T\u00fcrk k\u0259lm\u0259sinin T\u00fcrk D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin ilk d\u0259f\u0259 r\u0259smi olaraq istifad\u0259 olunan siyasi t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fcn G\u00f6y-T\u00fcrk imperatorlu\u011fu oldu\u011fu bilinm\u0259kd\u0259dir. G\u00f6y-T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ilk d\u00f6n\u0259ml\u0259rind\u0259 T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t ad\u0131 olaraq istifad\u0259 olunurdusa, sonradan T\u00fcrk mill\u0259tini ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131.
\nEram\u0131z\u0131n 585-ci ilind\u0259 \u00c7in \u0130mperatorunun G\u00f6y-T\u00fcrk Xaqan\u0131 \u0130\u015fbaraya yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubda \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck T\u00fcrk Xaqan\u0131\u201d dey\u0259 xitab etm\u0259si, \u0130\u015fbara Xaqan\u0131n is\u0259 \u00c7in \u0130mperatoruna verdiyi cavab m\u0259ktubunda \u201cT\u00fcrk D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin Tanr\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulmas\u0131ndan bu yana 50 il ke\u00e7di\u201d xitab\u0131 T\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131 r\u0259smil\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdir.
\nG\u00f6y-T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc daha \u00e7ox \u201cT\u00fcrk Budun\u201d \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259kd\u0259dir. T\u00fcrk Budunun is\u0259 T\u00fcrk Mill\u0259ti oldu\u011fu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilib. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 bu d\u00f6n\u0259ml\u0259rd\u0259 bir toplumun ismind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox siyasi bir m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259ti t\u0259yin ed\u0259n bir k\u0259lm\u0259 olaraq g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Y\u0259ni ki, T\u00fcrk soyuna m\u0259nsub olan b\u00fct\u00fcn boylar\u0131 v\u0259 toplumlar\u0131 ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn milli bir isim hal\u0131na g\u0259lmi\u015fdir.
\nT\u00fcrk ad\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fidli m\u0259nb\u0259 v\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalarda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259nalar verilmi\u015fdir. XIX \u0259srd\u0259 A.Vamberinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikr\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, T\u00fcrk k\u0259lm\u0259si \u201cT\u00fcremek\u201dden yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ziya G\u00f6kalp bunu \u201cT\u00fcreli\u201d, y\u0259ni qanun v\u0259 nizam zahibi olaraq a\u00e7\u0131qlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nAncaq T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn cins isim olaraq, \u201cg\u00fcc-q\u00fcvv\u0259t\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, buradak\u0131 T\u00fcrk k\u0259lm\u0259sinin mill\u0259tin ad\u0131 olan \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d k\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 eyni oldu\u011fu alman t\u00fcrkoloq Albert Von Le Coq t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Bu iddia G\u00f6y-T\u00fcrk kitab\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan V.Tomsen t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f, eyni iddia G.Nemetin t\u0259dqiql\u0259ri il\u0259 d\u0259 isbat edilmi\u015fdir.
\nAyr\u0131ca T\u00fcrk k\u0259lm\u0259sinin cins isim olaraq \u201cAltayl\u0131\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 420-ci ill\u0259r\u0259 aid bir fars m\u0259tnind\u0259, daha sonradan 515-ci il hadis\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrk-Hun\u201d (\u201cQ\u00fcdr\u0259tli-Hun\u201d) yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda da i\u015fl\u0259dilm\u0259si m\u0259lum olmu\u015fdur.
\n\u0130ran m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201cG\u00f6z\u0259l \u0130nsan\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259dilir, eyni zamanda XI \u0259srd\u0259 Mahmud Ka\u015f\u011farl\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 Tanr\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n verildiyini\u201d qeyd ed\u0259r\u0259k, bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn \u201cG\u0259nclik, q\u00fcvv\u0259t, q\u00fcdr\u0259t v\u0259 yetkinlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verdiyini bir daha s\u00fcbut etmi\u015fdir. Tarix\u00e7il\u0259r is\u0259 T\u00fcrk k\u0259lm\u0259sinin \u201cG\u00fccl\u00fc-Q\u00fcvv\u0259tli\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verdiyini q\u0259bul edibl\u0259r.
\nQ\u0259rb tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri iddia edirl\u0259r ki, T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 e.\u0259. 2500-ci il il\u0259 e.\u0259. 1700-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 Afanasiyevo M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 e.\u0259. 1700 il\u0259 e.\u0259. 1200-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 Andronovo M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti il\u0259 davam edirdi. Bu irqin sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 sahib oldu\u011fu, e.\u0259. 1700-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n sonra k\u00fctl\u0259l\u0259r \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 Altay Da\u011flar\u0131 il\u0259 Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259y\u0259 yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinm\u0259kd\u0259dir.
\nT\u00fcrkl\u0259rin d\u0259 q\u0259dim atalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda q\u0131y\u0131q g\u00f6zl\u00fc v\u0259 brakisefal tipli insanlar\u0131n yer almas\u0131 onlar\u0131n indiki Sibir v\u0259 Alyaska \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015famalar\u0131ndan x\u0259b\u0259r verm\u0259kd\u0259dir. \u018fld\u0259 olunan m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259 maraql\u0131 bir tablonu c\u0131zm\u0131\u015f olur. T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin q\u0259dim babalar\u0131 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 buc\u00fcr ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bu m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti heyvandarl\u0131qla inki\u015faf etdirmi\u015fl\u0259r. E.\u0259. 450-ci ill\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r Sibirin Tayqa iqlimind\u0259 m\u0259hz t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131q q\u0259bul olunub. E.\u0259. 450-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n Monqolustana do\u011fru h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etdikl\u0259ri v\u0259 orada ya\u015fayan Hind-Avropa xalqlar\u0131n\u0131 oradan qa\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 o torpaqlarda m\u0259sk\u0259n sald\u0131qlar\u0131 bildirilir.
\nJean-Paul Roux \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u0259rin Tarixi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Altay xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n bu d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259ki co\u011frafi yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rini buc\u00fcr t\u0259svir etmi\u015fdir: \u201c\u018fn q\u0259dim Orta Asiyan\u0131n insan co\u011frafiyas\u0131 tablosu \u00d6n-Tunguzlar\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Mancuriyaya, \u00d6n-Mo\u011follar\u0131 \u015e\u0259rqi Mo\u011folustan il\u0259 Q\u0259rbi Mancusiyaya yerl\u0259\u015fdirir. \u00d6n-T\u00fcrkl\u0259ri is\u0259 Mo\u011folustan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 v\u0259 Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fc istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 bir az daha q\u0259rb\u0259 do\u011fru yayaraq yerl\u0259\u015fdirir. Bundan ba\u015fqa, b\u00fct\u00fcn dig\u0259r b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r is\u0259 c\u0259nubdak\u0131 v\u0259 q\u0259rbd\u0259ki bozk\u0131rlar Hind-Avropal\u0131lar\u0131n v\u0259 paleo-Asiyal\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259ridir v\u0259 bu b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n ki\u00e7ik Altay yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 rast g\u0259linm\u0259mi\u015fdir. Sibird\u0259 bir vaxtlar Karasuk dey\u0259 adland\u0131r\u0131lan (e.\u0259. 1200-1700-ci ill\u0259r) v\u0259 Yuxar\u0131 Yenisey k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda tap\u0131lan Minusinsk b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131lan qaz\u0131nt\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xan brakisefal skeletl\u0259rind\u0259 ciddi bir art\u0131m m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. Bu, \u00d6n-T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 bu b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r verm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Tagar zaman\u0131nda is\u0259 (e.\u0259. 700-300-c\u00fc ill\u0259r) eyni v\u0259ziyy\u0259t Altay b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 meydana g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. V\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t e.\u0259. 300-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259n sonra C\u0259nubi Sibir il\u0259 Altay s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n c\u0259nubunda brakisefallarda art\u0131m meydana g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin o g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u015fimalda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f atalar\u0131n\u0131n eram\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131nda, \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 yava\u015f-yava\u015f, daha sonralar is\u0259 bird\u0259n-bir\u0259 qopub g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k Balka\u015f Bozk\u0131rlar\u0131 il\u0259 Tien-\u015ean da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimal b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259ldikl\u0259rini s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rik.
\nBu yeni g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259r, \u00f6nl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan Hind-Avropal\u0131lar\u0131 qovmu\u015f, onlara qar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ya da onlar\u0131 t\u0259sir alt\u0131na salaraq, \u00f6z m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 dill\u0259rini q\u0259bul etdirmi\u015fl\u0259r. B\u00f6y\u00fck bir ehtimal ki, q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlar da bu t\u0259sir alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r v\u0259 onlarla birlikd\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 Hind-Avropal\u0131 olan, \u0259n az\u0131ndan Monqoloyit olmayan bir xalq da T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin aras\u0131na qat\u0131l\u0131r.\u201c (S\u0259hif\u0259 53\/54)
\nHA\u015e\u0130Y\u018f: Az\u0259rbaycanda q\u0259dimd\u0259n T\u00fcrk tayfalar\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131b, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n aslar (uslar, o\u011fuzlar), (as \u0259rl\u0259r, az\u0259rl\u0259r), saklar (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015e\u0259ki s\u00f6z\u00fc ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 Saka\u015fena kimi i\u015fl\u0259nib, Sak s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u0259lir, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Zaqatala (Sakatala), gekl\u0259r (bu tayfa G\u00f6y T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u0259cdadlar\u0131 olub, onlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycanda G\u00f6yl\u0259r k\u0259ndi var (q\u0259dimd\u0259 gekl\u0259r), kamaklar da q\u0259dim T\u00fcrk tayfas\u0131 olub, Az\u0259rbaycanda ya\u015fay\u0131b (q\u0259dim \u015eamax\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn etimoloji m\u0259nas\u0131 onlarla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131, kamaxa, kemaxa, \u015femaxa), k\u0259ng\u0259rl\u0259r d\u0259 q\u0259dim zamanlardan Az\u0259rbaycanda ya\u015fay\u0131blar (k\u0259ng\u0259rli toponimi onlarla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r). Bir s\u00f6zl\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan q\u0259dim T\u00fcrk diyar\u0131 olub.
\n\u00d6n-T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t bax\u0131m\u0131ndan eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259lki qaranl\u0131q d\u00f6vrl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259xsus Afanasyevo m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, Anav M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, Andronovo M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, Karasuk M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, Tagar M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti, Kelteminar M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti kimi sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259hr\u0259l\u0259ndiyi v\u0259 T\u00fcrk m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin bu tarixi \u00e7evr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259sl\u0259ndiyi fikri ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nKaz\u0131m Mir\u015fan\u0131n tezisl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin alfabetik yaz\u0131dan istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n \u0259sas s\u00fcbut 1970-ci ild\u0259 Qazax\u0131stan\u0131n Almat\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 tap\u0131lan Q\u0131z\u0131l paltarl\u0131 adam ad\u0131yla tan\u0131nan m\u0259zardak\u0131 s\u00fcbutlard\u0131r. Bu m\u0259zar Almat\u0131n\u0131n 50 km \u015fimal\u0131ndak\u0131 Esik q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259 tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Q\u0131z\u0131l paltarl\u0131 adam\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcyl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 m\u0259zara qoyulmu\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f qab\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki iki s\u0259tirlik yaz\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u0259 olaraq Kaz\u0131m Mir\u015fan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n oxunmu\u015fdur. Qazax tarix\u00e7i prof. Dr. Olcas S\u00fcleymanov da eyni \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 bu s\u0259tirl\u0259ri oxumu\u015fdur. Bu tap\u0131nt\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 apar\u0131lan Sovet v\u0259 Qazax ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l paltarl\u0131 adam\u0131n e.\u0259. 500-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n daha q\u0259dim zamanda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bildirilmi\u015fdir. Q\u0131z\u0131l paltarl\u0131 adamla birlikd\u0259 tap\u0131lan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f qabdak\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6n-T\u00fcrk \u0259lifbas\u0131 il\u0259 yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia olunur. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Kaz\u0131m Mir\u015fan kimi b\u0259zi ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar f\u0259rqli bir T\u00fcrk tarix yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u0259r. Kaz\u0131m Mir\u015fan v\u0259 onun davam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7oxluq t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f fikirl\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli fikirl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u0259r. Onlar bug\u00fcn q\u0259bul edil\u0259n \u0130slamdan \u0259vv\u0259lki T\u00fcrk tarixini q\u0259tiyy\u0259n q\u0259bul etmir v\u0259 onun uydurma oldu\u011funu ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u0259r.
\n\u018fslind\u0259 bug\u00fcn q\u0259bul edil\u0259n tezis f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ortaya qoyulub. 1930-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 meydana \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lan tezis\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, e.\u0259. 12 000-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Orta Asiyada bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rin bulundu\u011fu yerl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir d\u0259niz v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck adalar vard\u0131. Buralarda ya\u015fayan v\u0259 t\u00fcrkc\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan tolumlar texnoloji olaraq daha inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Sonradan meydana g\u0259l\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n (qlobal isinm\u0259 kimi) Orta Asiyadak\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259niz yoxa \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud olan m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t xeyli geril\u0259di. Q\u0131tl\u0131q i\u00e7ind\u0259 ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrk qruplar\u0131 ba\u015fqa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bir qismi Mesopotomiyaya, bir qismi Anadoluya, bir qisim qrup is\u0259 Skandinaviyaya, dig\u0259r qrup is\u0259 Yunan\u0131stana, b\u0259zil\u0259ri \u0130taliyaya, bir qismi \u00c7in\u0259, bir qismi Koreya v\u0259 Yaponiyaya, bir qismi Sibir\u0259, bir qismi d\u0259 Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n Amerikaya k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fcl\u0259r.
\nBu tezis\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, S\u00fcmerl\u0259r, Etr\u00fcksl\u0259r, Skandinaviyadak\u0131 b\u0259zi xalqlar, Hititl\u0259r, Friql\u0259r, Truval\u0131lar m\u0259hz t\u00fcrkl\u0259rdi. Yunanlar i\u00e7ind\u0259 d\u0259 t\u00fck\u00e7\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fan qruplar var idi. Bu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ki T\u00fcrkl\u0259r yerli xalq aras\u0131nda \u0259riyib yox olmu\u015fdular.
\nOrta Asiyada qalan xalq quraql\u0131q iqlim\u0259 apadt\u0259 olmu\u015f v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fl\u0259r. V\u0259 bununla da bilin\u0259n T\u00fcrk tarixini yaratm\u0131\u015flar.
\n\u018fn m\u0259\u015fhur \u00d6n T\u00fcrkl\u0259r olan Hunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda ya\u015fayan v\u0259 tarixi \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259hrif edil\u0259n, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00c7in adlar\u0131 il\u0259 xat\u0131rlanan b\u0259zi tarixi toplumlar\u0131n da \u00d6n T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Onlardan \u0259n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131 bunlard\u0131r: Hiung-nu, Vu sun, Tukyu (Tue`kue, Tuyku ya da Tu`kut), Ti, Tili, Tiele, Beiti, Y\u00fcan y\u00fcan, Tiele (v\u0259 ya Dingling. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li tarix kitablar\u0131nda T\u00f6lesl\u0259r).
\nCo\u011frafi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi kimi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n Sibir v\u0259 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Rusiya d\u00fczl\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259 Orta Asiya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131na endiyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u0259n T\u00fcrkl\u0259r me\u015f\u0259 ov\u00e7ulu\u011fundan k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri \u00e7oban\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ke\u00e7id d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar. T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 me\u015f\u0259\u00e7ilik v\u0259 me\u015f\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u0259rin bozk\u0131r ya\u015fam\u0131ndak\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u0259rd\u0259n daha q\u0259dim olmas\u0131 bu ke\u00e7id bar\u0259d\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259r verir. Co\u011frafi \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r v\u0259 iqlim d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi v\u0259 ya bilinm\u0259y\u0259n dig\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259n T\u00fcrk q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259rinin b\u00f6y\u00fck bir qismi sabit v\u0259 me\u015f\u0259\u00e7ilik h\u0259yat\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6l h\u0259yat\u0131na ke\u00e7mi\u015fl\u0259r v\u0259 t\u0259dric\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri h\u0259yata adapt\u0259 olmu\u015flar.
\nHeyvandarl\u0131q, ov\u00e7uluq, sava\u015f v\u0259 istilalar kimi insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259l v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259ri Orta Asiyadak\u0131 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin iqtisadi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. Ticar\u0259t \u00fcmum\u0259n t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ya\u015fam t\u0259rzin\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lmirdi. Lakin \u0130p\u0259k Yolu v\u0259 K\u00fcrk Yolunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vazke\u00e7ilm\u0259z olmu\u015fdu. Bu yollardan maksimum istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin rifah hal\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131rd\u0131.
\n\u0130p\u0259k Yolundan ke\u00e7\u0259n madd\u0259l\u0259r: baharat, misk, k\u00fcrk, madenl\u0259r, d\u0259ri, tekstil \u00e7e\u015fidl\u0259ri, d\u0259y\u0259rli da\u015f-qa\u015f, porselenl\u0259r ticari bax\u0131mdan ip\u0259kd\u0259n daha qiym\u0259tli idi. Karvanlar t\u00fcrk q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli g\u0259lir m\u0259nb\u0259yin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi.
\nBir \u00e7ox q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r bu \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdu. D\u0259v\u0259 karvanlar\u0131 v\u0259 karvan ticar\u0259ti ekonomik h\u0259yat\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil edirdi. \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u00e7inlil\u0259r Orta Asiya toplumlar\u0131ndan canl\u0131 heyvan, d\u0259ri, k\u00fcrk v\u0259 heyvani qidalar al\u0131r v\u0259 onlara \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 geyim \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 v\u0259 tax\u0131l sat\u0131rlarm\u0131\u015f.
\n\u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayan xalqlar ticar\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olard\u0131lar. K\u00fcrk Yolu v\u0259 \u0130p\u0259k Yolu \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 bir \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdi. \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, K\u00fcrk yolundan \u201csincap, qunduz v\u0259 va\u015fak\u201d k\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin ticar\u0259ti edilirdi. Uy\u011fur d\u00f6n\u0259minin \u00f6n\u0259mli \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri Karabalqasun, Be\u015fbal\u0131q, Turfan, Ho\u00e7a v\u0259 Kara\u00e7ar idi.
\nT\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n bir qismi d\u0259 k\u0259nd v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u0130qlim v\u0259 torpa\u011f\u0131 \u0259lveri\u015fli olan b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdular. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n toplumlarda ip\u0259k b\u00f6c\u0259yi yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si daha \u00e7ox yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u00c7in qaynaqlar\u0131nda Hunlar\u0131n bu\u011fda v\u0259 dar\u0131 bec\u0259rm\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259 b\u0259hs edilir. Altay v\u0259 Sayan da\u011flar\u0131nda bu\u011fda yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259sinin \u0259n az\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 min il davam etm\u0259si arxeoloji qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 s\u00fcbuta yetirilmi\u015fdir. G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk Xaqan\u0131 Kapqan Xaqan\u0131n \u00c7inl\u0259 imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fman\u0131n bir madd\u0259si d\u0259 \u201cG\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 v\u0259 toxumluq verilm\u0259yisl\u0259\u201d ba\u011fl\u0131 idi. Hunlar v\u0259 G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r zaman\u0131nda k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259sini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n s\u00fcbutlardan biri d\u0259 \u201cT\u00f6t\u00f6 kanallar\u0131\u201dd\u0131r. Kanal\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 10 km q\u0259d\u0259rdir v\u0259 Altay b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259dir.
\nUy\u011furlar\u0131n zaman\u0131nda k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan xalqlar \u201cpaxla, noxud, qarp\u0131z, yemi\u015f v\u0259 \u00fcz\u00fcm\u201d yeti\u015fdirirdil\u0259r. \u00dcz\u00fcmd\u0259n \u015f\u0259rab v\u0259 b\u0259hm\u0259z d\u00fcz\u0259ldirdil\u0259r. Bu d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 tarlaya \u201ctar\u0131glag\u201d, fermer\u0259 is\u0259 \u201ctar\u0131g\u00e7\u0131\u201d deyilirdi. Sakalar\u0131n istifad\u0259 etdiyi \u201cSaban\u201d k\u0259lm\u0259si T\u00fcrk dilinin \u0259n q\u0259dim k\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri say\u0131l\u0131r.
\nBilge Xaqan\u0131n \u00c7ind\u0259ki ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzin\u0259 bax\u0131b bir k\u0259nd qurmaq bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc zaman uy\u011furlarla birlikd\u0259 bir T\u00fcrk m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259si yarad\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.
\nOrta Asiya xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u0259nayesi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k lap yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rdi. Ke\u00e7\u0259 v\u0259 xal\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 m\u0259d\u0259n s\u0259nayesi (d\u0259mir-tunc-q\u0131z\u0131l v\u0259 s.) sah\u0259sind\u0259ki u\u011furlar da t\u0259kzibolunmazd\u0131r. G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r zaman\u0131nda bizansl\u0131lara d\u0259mir d\u0259 sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.
\n\u00c7oxu k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri olan Orta Asiya toplumlar\u0131nda d\u0259mir\u00e7ilik v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259n f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti d\u0259 inki\u015faf etm\u0259kd\u0259 idi. Y\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 at\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131 dig\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 daha \u00e7ox ir\u0259li getmi\u015fdi. D\u00fcz\u0259ldil\u0259n \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n \u00e7oxu leopard, kaplan, maral, canavar, qoyun, ke\u00e7i v\u0259 at orqanizml\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Real s\u0259n\u0259t anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ox d\u0259bd\u0259 idi. Tekstil \u00e7e\u015fidl\u0259rind\u0259 geometrik \u015f\u0259kill\u0259r v\u0259 dam\u011falar da yer al\u0131rd\u0131.
\n\u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Hun paytaxtlar\u0131nda usta d\u00fclg\u0259rl\u0259r v\u0259 taxta oyma\u00e7\u0131lar m\u00f6vcud idi. Stol, k\u00fcrs\u00fc, qoltuq, \u00e7arpay\u0131 kimi \u0259\u015fyalar Hun saraylar\u0131nda v\u0259 aristokrat ail\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunurdu. Xal\u00e7alar art\u0131q k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri v\u0259 oturaq h\u0259yat\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi.
\nD\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201cYenilm\u0259z\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lan Orta Asiya xalqlar\u0131 bundan m\u0259har\u0259tl\u0259 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yi bacar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Sava\u015f zaman\u0131 qorxunc geyiml\u0259r geyin\u0259n ordu qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fin emosional hissl\u0259rin\u0259 qalib g\u0259l\u0259 bilirdi.
\n\u0130lk T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131pozuq v\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259bli bir v\u0259h\u015fi qrup deyil, \u0259ksin\u0259, intizaml\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259n idar\u0259 olunan bir orduya malik idil\u0259r. H\u0259r bir k\u0259s \u0259sg\u0259r idi. Eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259n ordu diviziya \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. O vaxtk\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r ordunun azla qane olmas\u0131ndan heyr\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lirdil\u0259r. Atl\u0131 s\u00fcvaril\u0259rin yan\u0131nda piyada \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r d\u0259 var idi. \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, s\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan Tonyukukun \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 biri piyadalar idi. Ordu eyni zamanda iqtisadiyyat dem\u0259kdir. Ordu s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 yenil\u0259n\u0259n v\u0259 dinamik bir g\u00fcc idi. H\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t qabiliyy\u0259ti \u00e7ox geni\u015f idi.
\nSava\u015f al\u0259tl\u0259ri qalxan, cida, q\u0131l\u0131nc idi. Q\u0131l\u0131nc k\u00fcpl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n heyvan fiqurlar\u0131yla b\u0259z\u0259dilirdi. Kurqanlarda \u00e7\u0131xan qal\u0131qlarda y\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r, at zirehl\u0259ri, at geyiml\u0259ri, zirehl\u0259r, q\u0131l\u0131nc, qalxan v\u0259 oxlar var idi. Ham\u0131s\u0131 da t\u00fcrk s\u0259n\u0259tiyl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
\n\u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Hunlar\u0131n v\u0259 G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259rin bir milyona yax\u0131n \u0259sg\u0259ri var idi. \u018fn yax\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcvari v\u0259 ox\u00e7ular da m\u0259hz Orta Asiya xalqlar\u0131nda idi.
\nT\u00fcrkl\u0259rin istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri sava\u015f taktikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda geri\u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259 taktikas\u0131, Hilal taktikas\u0131, Qurd kapan\u0131 taktikas\u0131, \u00c7\u00f6l\u0259 qovma taktikas\u0131 kimi manevrl\u0259r yer al\u0131rd\u0131.
\n\u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Hun musiqisi \u00c7in musiqisind\u0259n \u00e7ox f\u0259rqli idi. \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 28 \u00e7e\u015fid Hun xalq mahn\u0131s\u0131 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
\nH\u0259m \u00d6n-T\u00fcrk m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tind\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 Hun v\u0259 G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk kurqanlar\u0131nda g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yatda istifad\u0259 olunan d\u00fcym\u0259, k\u0259m\u0259r, adi \u015falvar, adi jaket, \u00e7\u0259km\u0259 v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tir a\u015fkar olunmu\u015fdur.
\n\u0130lk T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda dini bax\u0131mdan Tenqricilik (G\u00f6ytanr\u0131 dini) \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. G\u00f6yt\u00fcrk\u00e7\u0259d\u0259 c\u0259nn\u0259t \u201cu\u00e7maq\u201d, c\u0259h\u0259nn\u0259m is\u0259 \u201ctamu\u201d olaraq q\u0259bul edilirdi. Din adamlar\u0131na \u201ckam\u201d deyilirdi. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131 \u201cAtalar k\u00fclt\u00fc\u201d ad\u0131 veril\u0259n rituallar da toplumun g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131nda ya\u015fanan elementl\u0259rd\u0259n biri idi. F\u0259rqli dinl\u0259r d\u0259 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunmaqda idi. \u00d6l\u0259n adama \u201cyu\u011f\u201d ad\u0131 veril\u0259n c\u0259naz\u0259 m\u0259rasimi d\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilirdi. \u015eamanizm d\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dinl\u0259rd\u0259n say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.
\n\u015eamanizm\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t ibad\u0259t ed\u0259n xalqlar aras\u0131nda he\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, T\u00fcrkl\u0259r d\u0259 var idi. Q\u0259dim T\u00fcrk inanc\u0131 olan Tengricilikd\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f \u015famanizm inanc\u0131 \u015eimali v\u0259 Orta Asiyan\u0131n b\u0259zi t\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131nda h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 davam etdirilir. M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 b\u0259zi q\u0259rb insanlar\u0131n\u0131n maraqla t\u0259krar etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 inanca is\u0259 neo-\u015famanizm deyilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk mill\u0259tinin \u0259n q\u0259dim tarixinin \u0259sas d\u00f6vrl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0131sa m\u0259lumat. Tarixd\u0259 ilk T\u00fcrk izl\u0259rinin yay\u0131lma co\u011frafiyas\u0131, onlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzi haqq\u0131nda bilikl\u0259r. T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ilk idar\u0259etm\u0259 qurulu\u015fu nec\u0259 formala\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pedaqoji-faliyyt"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1679"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1679\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shahidov.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}